Editing Fraxinus (section)

=== North America ===
[[File:Agrilus planipennis 001.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.60|Emerald ash borer]]
The [[emerald ash borer]] (''Agrilus planipennis''), also called EAB, is a wood-boring [[beetle]] accidentally introduced to North America from eastern Asia via solid wood packing material in the late 1980s to early 1990s. It has killed tens of millions of trees in 22 states in the United States<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emeraldashborer.info/about-eab.php |website=Emerald Ash Borer Information Network |title=About Emerald Ash Borer |first=Derek|last=Moy}}</ref> and adjacent [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]] in Canada. It threatens some seven billion ash trees in North America. Research is being conducted to determine whether three native Asian wasps that are natural predators of EAB could be used as a [[Biological pest control|biological control]] for the management of EAB populations in the United States. The public is being cautioned to avoid transporting unfinished wood products, such as firewood, to slow the spread of this insect pest.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Problem|url=http://www.dontmovefirewood.org/the-problem.html|work=Don't Move Firewood|access-date=14 October 2011}}</ref>

Damage occurs when emerald ash borer larvae feed on the inner bark, [[phloem]], inside branches and tree trunks. Feeding on the phloem prevents nutrients and water transportation. If the ash is attacked, the branches can die and eventually the whole tree can as well.<ref>{{cite report |title=Emerald Ash Borer and Your Woodland |series=Extension Bulletin E-2943 |url=http://www.emeraldashborer.info/documents/E-2943.pdf |publisher=Michigan State University Extension |date=September 2007}}</ref> Ways to detect emerald ash borer infestation include seeing bark peeling off, vertical cracks in the bark, seeing galleries within the tree that contain powdery substance, and D-shaped exit holes on the branches or trunk. Not all of these may be present, but any of these warning signs could be an indication of possible infestation.<ref>{{cite report |url=https://emeraldashborerinsouthdakota.sd.gov/PDF/How-To-Identify-an-Ash-Tree-Infested-by-EAB_06-2001-2018.pdf |title=How to Identify an Ash Tree Infested by Emerald Ash Borer |publisher=SDSU Extension |last=Ball |first=John |date=April 2018}}</ref>