Editing Fragging (section)

==Coalition forces in Afghanistan==
{{see also|History of the Afghan Armed Forces (2002–2021)#Green-on-blue attacks}}
During the [[war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]] hundreds of [[International Security Assistance Force|coalition]] soldiers were intentionally killed by [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]] forces. Increases in insider attacks against coalition forces were noted after high-profile provocations such as the [[2012 Afghanistan Quran burning protests]] and the [[Kandahar massacre]].<ref name="Coll 2019 586–624">{{cite book |last=Coll |first=Steve |title=Directorate S: The C.I.A. and America's Secret Wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan |publisher=[[Penguin Group]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-14-313250-9 |pages=586–624 |author-link=Steve Coll}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-attack/three-foreign-soldiers-killed-by-afghan-forces-idUKBRE82P09520120327 |last=Kimball |first=Jack |title=Three foreign soldiers killed by Afghan forces |date=March 26, 2012 |work=Reuters}}</ref>

In 2012, according to [[NATO]], 51 coalition service members died due to the deliberate actions by members of the Afghan forces. Another 65 NATO soldiers were killed in insider attacks between 2007 and 2011.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Long |first=Austin |date=2013 |title='Green on Blue': Insider Attacks in Afghanistan |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262891716 |journal=Survival |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=167–182 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.1080/00396338.2013.802860|s2cid=154338272 }}</ref> The increase in so-called "green-on-blue attacks" prompted U.S. officials to revamp the screening process of potential Afghan recruits as Afghan military leadership identified "hundreds" of Afghan soldiers within their ranks who were linked to the [[Taliban]] insurgency or harbored [[Anti-Americanism|anti-American views]].<ref>[https://www.ibtimes.com/what-green-blue-attack-killing-us-major-general-harold-greene-just-third-insider-attack-1649920 ''What Is A 'Green-On-Blue' Attack? Killing Of US Major General Harold Greene Is Just Third Insider Attack In 2014'']</ref><ref>[https://thedefensepost.com/2019/01/02/afghanistan-guards-open-fire-nato-advisors-herat/ ''Afghan forces open fire on NATO advisors at base in Herat'']</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Inside-the-wire attacks double in Afghanistan |author=Andrew Tilghman |url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2012/08/military-inside-the-wire-attacks-double-in-afghanistan-081412 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117060111/http://www.armytimes.com/news/2012/08/military-inside-the-wire-attacks-double-in-afghanistan-081412 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |newspaper=Army Times |date=August 14, 2012 |access-date=August 16, 2012 }}</ref>

Most of the attackers in these incidents were members of the special [[Afghan Local Police]] (ALP) units, who operated as a local tribal force and were known to have ties to the Taliban.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/18/world/asia/two-americans-killed-by-afghan-recruit-in-green-on-blue-assault.html Two Americans Killed by Afghan Recruit], ''New York Times''. August 17, 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/09/18/world/asia/afghanistan-operations-halt/index.html|title=NATO restricts Afghan operations after 'green-on-blue' killings, anti-Islam film|author1=Barbara Starr|author2=Holly Yan|date=September 18, 2012|publisher=CNN|access-date=December 8, 2015}}</ref> They were also known to use drugs and were sometimes reported for abusing civilians.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/13/world/asia/13afghanistan.html|title=Brutality by Afghan Local Police Is Reported|date=September 13, 2011|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 8, 2015}}</ref>

The ''[[Long War Journal]]'' reported on such attacks, counting 155 since 2008 to June 11, 2017, resulting in 152 Coalition dead and 193 wounded.<ref name=rogg1>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/08/green-on-blue_attack.php|title=Green-on-blue attacks in Afghanistan: the data|work=The Long War Journal|date=August 23, 2012 |access-date=December 8, 2015}}</ref> [[Afghan National Army|ANA fighters]] sometimes fled to the Taliban, which posted videos 'welcoming' the fleeing fighters. NATO commanders initially stated that an estimated 90% of the attacks were due to cultural differences and personal enmity, while the Afghan government disagreed and blamed the problem on "infiltration by foreign spy agencies", including those of "neighboring countries".<ref name=rogg1 />

To reduce insider attacks, joint operations between U.S. and Afghan forces were reduced and coalition soldiers were reminded to be respectful.<ref name="Coll 2019 586–624"/>