Editing Fornax (section)

===Deep-sky objects===
[[File:Heic1425a.jpg|thumb|Four globular clusters in Fornax.<ref>{{cite web|title=Four globular clusters in Fornax|url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1425a/|website=www.spacetelescope.org|publisher=ESA/Hubble|access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref>]]

'''Local Group'''

[[NGC 1049]] is a [[globular cluster]] 500,000 light-years from Earth. It is in the [[Fornax Dwarf]] Galaxy.{{sfn|Levy|2005|p=176}} [[NGC 1360]] is a [[planetary nebula]] in Fornax with a magnitude of approximately 9.0, 1,280 light-years from Earth. Its central star is of magnitude 11.4, an unusually bright specimen. It is five times the size of the famed [[Ring Nebula]] in [[Lyra (constellation)|Lyra]] at 6.5 arcminutes. Unlike the Ring Nebula, NGC 1360 is clearly elliptical.{{sfn|Levy|2005|pp=134–135}}

The [[Fornax Dwarf]] galaxy is a [[dwarf galaxy]] that is part of the [[Local Group]] of galaxies. It is not visible in amateur telescopes, despite its relatively small distance of 500,000 light-years.{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2001|pp=148–149}}

[[Helmi stream]] is a small galactic stream in Fornax. This small galaxy was destroyed by Milky Way 6 billion years ago. There was candidate for extragalactic planet, HIP 13044 b.

'''Outside'''

[[NGC 1097]] is a [[barred spiral galaxy]] in Fornax, about 45 million light-years from Earth. At magnitude 9, it is visible in medium amateur telescopes.{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2001|pp=148–149}} It is notable as a [[Seyfert galaxy]] with strong spectral emissions indicating ionized gases and a central [[supermassive black hole]].

'''Fornax Cluster'''
[[File:Galaxies in the Fornax Cluster.jpg|thumb|Galaxies in the Fornax Cluster]]

The '''[[Fornax Cluster]]''' is a [[galaxy cluster|cluster of galaxies]] lying at a distance of 19 mega[[parsec]]s (62 million [[light-year]]s).<ref name="Georgievetal2006">{{Cite journal | last1 = Jordán | first1 = A. | last2 = Blakeslee | first2 = J. P. | last3 = Côté | first3 = P. | last4 = Ferrarese | first4 = L. | last5 = Infante | first5 = L. | last6 = Mei | first6 = S. | last7 = Merritt | first7 = D. | author7-link = David Merritt
 | last8 = Peng | first8 = E. W. | last9 = Tonry | first9 = J. | last10 = West | first10 = Michael J. | date = June 2006 | journal =The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series | volume = 452 | issue = 1 | pages = 141–153 | title = The ACS Fornax Cluster Survey. I. Introduction to the Survey and Data Reduction Procedures | bibcode = 2007ApJS..169..213J | doi =  10.1086/512778 |arxiv = astro-ph/0702320 | s2cid = 17845709 | display-authors = 8 }}</ref> It is the second richest galaxy cluster within 100 million light-years, after the considerably larger [[Virgo Cluster]], and may be associated with the nearby [[Eridanus Group]]. It lies primarily in the constellation Fornax, with its southern boundaries partially crossing into the constellation of Eridanus, and covers an area of sky about 6° across or about 28 sq degrees.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Drinkwater |first1= Michael J. |last2= Gregg |first2= Michael J. |last3= Colless |first3= Matthew |date= 19 Feb 2011 |title= Substructure and Dynamics of the Fornax Cluster |journal= The Astrophysical Journal |volume= 548 |issue= 2 |pages= L139–L142 |url= https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/319113 |doi= 10.1086/319113|arxiv=astro-ph/0012415  |access-date= 11 Mar 2021|hdl= 1885/40020 |s2cid= 13456590 |hdl-access= free }}</ref> The Fornax cluster is a part of larger [[Fornax Wall]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Meara |first1=Stephen James |title=Deep-Sky Companions: Southern Gems |date=2013 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-01501-2|page=107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5QIEKns33sC&pg=PA107}}</ref> Down are some famous objects in this cluster:

[[NGC 1365]] is another [[barred spiral galaxy]] located at a distance of 56 million light-years from Earth. Like NGC 1097, it is also a [[Seyfert galaxy]]. Its bar is a center of [[star formation]] and shows extensions of the spiral arms' [[dust lane]]s. The bright nucleus indicates the presence of an [[active galactic nucleus]] – a galaxy with a [[supermassive black hole]] at the center, accreting matter from the bar.<ref name="objects"/> It is a 10th magnitude galaxy associated with the [[Fornax Cluster]].{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2001|pp=148–149}}

[[Fornax A]] is a [[radio galaxy]] with extensive radio lobes that corresponds to the optical galaxy [[NGC 1316]], a 9th-magnitude galaxy.{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2001|pp=148–149}} One of the closer [[active galaxy|active galaxies]] to Earth at a distance of 62 million light-years, Fornax A appears in the [[optical spectrum]] as a large [[elliptical galaxy]] with [[dust lane]]s near its core. These dust lanes have caused astronomers to discern that it recently [[galaxy merger|merged]] with a small [[spiral galaxy]]. Because it has a high rate of [[type Ia supernova]]e, NGC 1316 has been used to determine the size of the universe. The [[astrophysical jet|jet]]s producing the radio lobes are not particularly powerful, giving the lobes a more diffuse, knotted structure due to interactions with the [[intergalactic medium]].<ref name="objects">{{cite book |title = 300 Astronomical Objects: A Visual Reference to the Universe |last1 = Wilkins |first1 = Jamie |last2 = Dunn |first2 = Robert |publisher = Firefly Books |location = Buffalo, New York |date = 2006 |isbn = 978-1-55407-175-3}}</ref> Associated with this [[peculiar galaxy]] is an entire cluster of galaxies.{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2001|pp=148-149}}

[[NGC 1399]] is a large [[elliptical galaxy]] in the Southern [[constellation]] [[Fornax (constellation)|Fornax]],  the central galaxy in the [[Fornax cluster]].
<ref name="forn1">{{cite web |title=Multiwavelength Atlas of Galaxies - NGC 1399  |url=http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~gmackie/atlas/index/n1399/n1399.html| access-date=2011-06-18}}</ref>
The galaxy is 66 million light-years away from Earth. With a diameter of 130 000 light-years, it is one of the largest galaxies in the Fornax cluster and slightly larger than [[Milky Way]]. [[William Herschel]] discovered this galaxy on October 22, 1835.

[[NGC 1386]] is a [[spiral galaxy]] located in the constellation [[Eridanus (constellation)|Eridanus]]. It is located at a distance of circa 53 million [[light year]]s from Earth and has apparent dimensions of 3.89' x 1.349'.<ref>{{cite web |title=NGC 1386 - Galaxy - WIKISKY |url=http://server7.wikisky.org/starview?object=NGC+1386 |website=WIKISKY |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref> It is a [[Seyfert galaxy]], the only one in [[Fornax Cluster]].

[[NGC 1427A]] is an [[irregular galaxy]] in the [[constellation]] [[Eridanus (constellation)|Eridanus]].  Its [[distance modulus]] has been estimated using the [[Cosmic distance ladder#Globular cluster luminosity function|globular cluster luminosity function]] to be 31.01 ± 0.21 which is about 52 Mly.<ref name="Georgievetal2006"/> It is the brightest dwarf irregular member of the [[Fornax cluster]] and is in the foreground of the cluster's central galaxy [[NGC 1399]].<ref name="Georgievetal2006" />

[[NGC 1460]] is a [[Lenticular galaxy|barred lenticular galaxy]] in the constellation [[Eridanus (constellation)|Eridanus]]. It was discovered by [[John Herschel]] on November 28, 1837.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wyWjVWYWoO8C&pg=PA636|title=Observing and Cataloguing Nebulae and Star Clusters: From Herschel to Dreyer's New General Catalogue|last=Steinicke|first=Wolfgang|date=August 19, 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139490108|pages=636|language=en}}</ref>  It is moving away from the [[Milky Way]] 1341&nbsp;km/s. NGC 1460 has a [[Hubble classification]] of SB0, which indicates it is a barred lenticular galaxy. But, this one contains a huge bar at its core. The bar is spreading from center to the edge of the galaxy, as seen on Hubble image in the box. This bar is one of the largest seen in barred lenticular galaxies.

There are also first ultracompact dwarf galaxies discovered.

'''Distant universe'''
[[File:The Hubble Ultra Deep Field seen with MUSE.jpg|thumb|The [[Hubble Ultra Deep Field]] seen with [[Multi-unit spectroscopic explorer|MUSE]].<ref>{{cite web|title=MUSE Probes Uncharted Depths of Hubble Ultra Deep Field – Deepest ever spectroscopic survey completed|url=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1738/|website=www.eso.org|access-date=30 November 2017}}</ref>]]
[[File:Hubble Ultra Deep Field Video near constellation Fornax.webm|thumb|A video introduce the [[Hubble Ultra Deep Field]] and its location near Fornax]]

Fornax has been the target of investigations into the furthest reaches of the [[universe]]. The [[Hubble Ultra Deep Field]] is located within Fornax, and the [[Fornax Cluster]], a small [[cluster of galaxies]], lies primarily within Fornax. At a meeting of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]] in [[United Kingdom|Britain]], a team from [[University of Queensland]] described 40 unknown "dwarf" galaxies in this constellation; follow-up observations with the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] and the [[European Southern Observatory]]'s [[Very Large Telescope]] revealed that [[ultra compact dwarfs]] are much smaller than previously known dwarf galaxies, about {{convert|120|ly|pc}} across.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Weighing Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies in the Fornax Cluster |author1=Hilker, Michael |author2=Baumgardt, Holger |author3=Infante, Leopoldo |author4=Drinkwater, Michael |author5=Evstigneeva, Ekaterina |author6=Gregg, Michael  | url=http://www.eso.org/sci/publications/messenger/archive/no.129-sep07/messenger-no129-49-52.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604174928/http://www.eso.org/sci/publications/messenger/archive/no.129-sep07/messenger-no129-49-52.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-04 |url-status=live | journal= The Messenger | issue=129 |date= September 2007|volume=129 |page=49 |bibcode=2007Msngr.129...49H }}</ref>
`
[[UDFj-39546284]] is a candidate protogalaxy located in Fornax,<ref name="Space-20121212">{{cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |title=Ancient Galaxy May Be Most Distant Ever Seen |url=http://www.space.com/18879-hubble-most-distant-galaxy.html |date=December 12, 2012 |publisher=[[Space.com]] |access-date=December 12, 2012 |quote=13.75 [[Big Bang]] – 0.38 = 13.37 }}</ref><ref name="NASA-2011-01-26">NASA, [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/farthest-galaxy.html "NASA's Hubble Finds Most Distant Galaxy Candidate Ever Seen in Universe"], 26 January 2011</ref><ref name="heic1103">{{cite web |date=26 January 2011 |title=Hubble finds a new contender for galaxy distance record |publisher=Space Telescope (heic1103 – Science Release) |url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1103/ |access-date=2011-01-27}}</ref><ref name="STScI-2011-05">{{Cite web| publisher=HubbleSite| title=NASA's Hubble Finds Most Distant Galaxy Candidate Ever Seen in Universe| url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/05/text/| accessdate=26 January 2011| language=| archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130415015002/http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2011/05/text/| archivedate=15 April 2013}}</ref> although recent analyses have suggested it is likely to be a lower redshift source.<ref name="Brammer2013">{{cite journal | bibcode = 2013ApJ...765L...2B | title=A Tentative Detection of an Emission Line at 1.6 mum for the z ~ 12 Candidate UDFj-39546284 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=765 | issue=1 | page=L2 | year=2013 | doi=10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/l2|arxiv = 1301.0317  | last1 = Brammer | first1 = Gabriel B.| s2cid=119226564 }}</ref><ref name="Bouwens2013">{{cite journal | bibcode = 2013ApJ...765L..16B | title=Photometric Constraints on the Redshift of z ~ 10 Candidate UDFj-39546284 from Deeper WFC3/IR+ACS+IRAC Observations over the HUDF | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=765 | issue=1 | page=L16 | year=2013 | doi=10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/l16|arxiv = 1211.3105  | last1 = Bouwens | first1 = R. J. | last2 = Oesch | first2 = P. A. | last3 = Illingworth | first3 = G. D. | last4 = Labbé | first4 = I. | last5 = van Dokkum | first5 = P. G. | last6 = Brammer | first6 = G. | last7 = Magee | first7 = D. | last8 = Spitler | first8 = L. R. | last9 = Franx | first9 = M. | last10 = Smit | first10 = R. | last11 = Trenti | first11 = M. | last12 = Gonzalez | first12 = V. | last13 = Carollo | first13 = C. M.| s2cid=118570916 }}</ref>

[[GRB 190114C]] was a notable [[gamma ray burst]] explosion from a galaxy 4.5 billion light years away near the [[Fornax (constellation)|Fornax constellation]],<ref name="EA-20191120">{{cite news |author=ESA/Hubble Information Centre |title=Hubble studies gamma-ray burst with the highest energy ever seen |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/eic-hsg112019.php |date=20 November 2019 |work=[[EurekAlert!]] |access-date=20 November 2019 }}</ref><ref name="ES-20191124">{{cite news |last=Byrd |first=Deborah |title=Epic cosmic explosion detected via faster-than-light particles - Space-based observatories detected a violent explosion in a galaxy billions of light-years away. It became the brightest source of high-energy cosmic gamma rays seen so far. Specialized Earth-based telescopes detected it via faster-than-light particles cascading through Earth's atmosphere. |url=https://earthsky.org/space/jan-14-2019-gamma-ray-burst-brightest-so-far |date=24 November 2019 |work=[[Earth & Sky]] |access-date=24 November 2019 }}</ref><ref name="NAT-20191120a">{{cite journal |last=Zhang |first=Ben |title=Extreme emission seen from γ-ray bursts - Cosmic explosions called γ-ray bursts are the most energetic bursting events in the Universe. Observations of extremely high-energy emission from two γ-ray bursts provide a new way to study these gigantic explosions. |date=20 November 2019 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=575 |issue=7783 |pages=448–449 |doi=10.1038/d41586-019-03503-6 |arxiv=1911.09862  |pmid=31748718 |doi-access=free }}</ref> that was initially detected in January 2019.<ref name="GSFC-20190114">{{cite news |last=Palmer |first=David |title=GRB 190114C: Swift detection of a very bright burst with a bright optical counterpart |url=https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/gcn/gcn3/23688.gcn3 |date=14 January 2019 |work=[[Goddard Space Flight Center]] |access-date=20 November 2019 }}</ref><ref name="AT-20190115">{{cite news |last=Mirzoyan |first=Razmik |title=First time detection of a GRB at sub-TeV energies; MAGIC detects the GRB 190114C |url=http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=12390 |date=15 January 2019 |work=[[The Astronomer's Telegram]] |access-date=20 November 2019 }}</ref>  According to astronomers, "the brightest light ever seen from Earth [to date] ... [the] biggest explosion in the Universe since the [[Big Bang]]".<ref name="LAD-2091122">{{cite news |last=Wood |first=Tom |title=Scientists Detect Biggest Explosion In The Universe Since The Big Bang  |url=https://www.ladbible.com/news/technology-scientists-detect-biggest-explosion-in-the-universe-since-the-big-bang-20191122 |date=22 November 2019 |work=[[LADbible]] |access-date=23 November 2019 }}</ref>