Editing Forging (section)

====Open-die drop forging====
[[File:Bochumer Verein-08-50124.jpg|thumb|upright|Open-die drop forging (with two dies) of an ingot to be further processed into a wheel]]
[[File:Alcator C-Mod superstructure forging 1.jpg|thumb|A large 80 ton cylinder of hot steel in an open-die forging press, ready for the upsetting phase of forging]]
Open-die forging is also known as ''smith forging''.<ref name="Degarmo391">Degarmo, p. 391</ref> In open-die forging, a hammer strikes and deforms the workpiece, which is placed on a stationary [[anvil]]. Open-die forging gets its name from the fact that the dies (the surfaces that are in contact with the workpiece) do not enclose the workpiece, allowing it to flow except where contacted by the dies. The operator therefore needs to orient and position the workpiece to get the desired shape. The dies are usually flat in shape, but some have a specially shaped surface for specialized operations. For example, a die may have a round, concave, or convex surface or be a tool to form holes or be a cut-off tool.<ref name="Degarmo390">Degarmo, p. 390</ref> Open-die forgings can be worked into shapes which include discs, hubs, blocks, shafts (including step shafts or with flanges), sleeves, cylinders, flats, hexes, rounds, plate, and some custom shapes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Forging Shapes|date=4 January 2013|url=http://www.steelforge.com/custom-forged-shapes/forging-capabilities-chart/|publisher=All Metals & Forge Group|access-date=1 October 2013|archive-date=1 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222237/http://www.steelforge.com/custom-forged-shapes/forging-capabilities-chart/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Open-die forging lends itself to short runs and is appropriate for art smithing and custom work. In some cases, open-die forging may be employed to rough-shape [[ingot]]s to prepare them for subsequent operations. Open-die forging may also orient the grain to increase strength in the required direction.<ref name="Degarmo390"/>