Editing Foreign relations of Nepal (section)

==Bilateral relations==
===Afghanistan===
{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|Afghanistan–Nepal relations}}

===Austria===
{{Flagicon|Austria}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|Austria–Nepal relations}}

===Bangladesh===
{{Flagicon|Bangladesh}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}
{{main|Bangladesh–Nepal relations}}

Nepal welcomed Bangladesh's independence on 16 January 1972.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh Gains in Favor |agency=United Press International |location=Sarasota, Florida, US |date=January 17, 1972 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GD0gAAAAIBAJ&pg=7298,826206&dq=bangladesh+nepal+recognize&hl=en }}</ref> The turning point for the two nations occurred in April 1976, when the two nations signed, a four-point agreement on technical cooperation, trade, transit and civil aviation. They both seek cooperation in the fields of power generation and development of water resources. In 1986, relations further improved when Bangladesh insisted Nepal should be included on a deal regarding the distribution of water from the Ganges River. Also recently Nepal and Bangladesh had signed MOU's that Nepal would sell 10,000 MW of electricity to Bangladesh once its larger projects are completed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0504/S00076.htm|title=Nepal And Bangladesh, A Strong Relationship|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>

===Bhutan===
{{Flagicon|Bhutan}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}
{{main|Bhutan–Nepal relations}}
Relations with [[Bhutan]] have been strained since 1992 over the nationality and possible repatriation of refugees from Bhutan.<ref>http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Nepal.pdf This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.</ref>

===Canada===
{{Flagicon|Canada}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

Many Nepalese politicians and government officials criticized Canadian diplomats in the aftermath of the [[Kabul attack on Canadian Embassy guards]] in which the majority of victims were Nepalese citizens. Members of Parliament were among those who were critical of the way that Canada treated its security contractors at the embassy, leading to meetings in [[Ottawa]] between Nepalese and Canadian diplomats, including ambassador Nadir Patel.<ref name="HimalayanTimes1">{{cite news|last1=Pandey|first1=Lekhanath|title=Nepal seeks answers from Canada on Kabul suicide bombing attack|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/nepal-seeks-answers-canada-kabul-suicide-bombing-attack/|access-date=21 August 2016|work=[[The Himalayan Times]]|date=26 June 2016}}</ref>

===China===
{{Flagicon|China}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|People's Republic of China – Nepal relations}}

Nepal formally established relations with the People's Republic of China on August 1, 1955.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nepal-China Relations - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA |url=https://mofa.gov.np/nepal-china-relations/ |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=mofa.gov.np}}</ref> The two countries share 1414 kilometers long border in the Himalayan range along the northern side of Nepal.<ref name=":0"/> Nepal has established its embassy in Beijing, opened consulates general in Lhasa, Hong Kong and Guangzhou and appointed an honorary consul in Shanghai.<ref name=":0"/>

Nepal's relations with China have grown closer following China's [[Belt and Road Initiative]].<ref name=":92" />{{Rp|page=215}}

===Denmark===
{{Flagicon|Denmark}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

See [[Denmark–Nepal relations]].

===European Union===
{{Flagicon|European Union}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|European Union-Nepal relations}}

===France===
{{main|France-Nepal relations}}
{{Flagicon|France}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

Nepal and the French Republic entered into diplomatic relations on 20 April 1949.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Nepal - France Relations - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA |url=https://mofa.gov.np/nepal-france-relations/ |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=mofa.gov.np}}</ref> Bilateral economic cooperation programme commenced in February 1981 when the two countries signed the First Protocol amounting to French Franc 50 million loan which was converted into debt in 1989.<ref name=":2"/> Food aid and the counterpart funds that it generated have been the main form of aid since 1991.<ref name=":2"/> Main areas of cooperation are national seismologic network, petroleum exploration, restructuring of Water Supply Corporation, the Kavre Integrated Project and Gulmi and Arghakhanchi Rural Development Project, rehabilitation of airports, 'food for work', and others.<ref name=":2"/>

Nepal and France have signed an agreement concerning Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investment in 1983.<ref name=":2"/> The major areas of French investment are hotels, restaurants, medicine, aluminium windows and doors, vehicle body building sectors.<ref name=":2"/> Alcatelhad became the leading supplier of the Nepal Telecommunication Corporation, with 200,000 lines installed, and fibre optic cables.<ref name=":2"/> Cegelec secured a 24 million dollars contract in respect of the construction of Kali Gandaki hydroelectric project.<ref name=":2"/>

The Government of Nepal awarded a contract to Oberthur Technologies of France in 2010, for printing, supply, and delivery of Machine Readable Passports.<ref name=":2"/> A significant number of French tourists (24,097 in 2014, 16, 405 in 2015, and, 20,863 in 2016) arrive in Nepal from France each year.<ref name=":2"/>

===India===
{{Flagicon|India}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|India–Nepal relations}}

===Indonesia===
{{main|Indonesia–Nepal relations}}

===Israel===
{{Flagicon|Israel}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

[[File:King of Nepal 1958.jpg|thumb|right|King Mahendra of Nepal (second from left) in a 1958 visit to Israel's [[Weizmann Institute of Science]].]]
{{main|Israel–Nepal relations}}

Nepal was the first and until recently the only nation in South and Central Asia to establish diplomatic ties with Israel. The bilateral relation between the two countries has been good. Traditionally, Nepal votes in favor of Israel at the UN and abstains from resolution opposed by the Israeli government barring few exceptions. Israel-Nepal relations are based on mutual security concerns.<ref name=VISIT>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/About+the+Ministry/MFA+Spokesman/2007/Visit++of+Nepalese+Minister+for+Foreign+Affairs+12-Jul-2007.htm Visit to Israel of Honorable Mrs. Sahana Pradhan, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Nepal] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref>

[[Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]], [[Prime Minister of Nepal]] from 1959 to 1960, had a strongly pro-Israel foreign policy. [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra]] visited Israel in 1963 and maintained Koirala's special relationship.<ref name=BEGINNING>Abadi, Jacob. ''Israel's Quest for Recognition and Acceptance in Asia: Garrison State Diplomacy'', 2004. Page 318.</ref> 

===Japan===
{{Flagicon|Japan}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|Japan–Nepal relations}}

Nepal-Japan relations date back to the late eighteenth century.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Nepal-Japan Relations - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA |url=https://mofa.gov.np/nepal-japan-relations/ |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=mofa.gov.np}}</ref> The relationship became formal with the establishment of diplomatic relations on 1 September 1956.<ref name=":4"/> The Embassy of Nepal was established in Tokyo in 1965 and Japan established its embassy in Kathmandu in 1967. Nepal has honorary consulates in Osaka and Fukuoka. Japan is one of the largest aid donors to Nepal.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3679968.stm | work=BBC News | title=Analysis: India's Security Council seat bid | date=2004-09-22 | access-date=2010-04-02 | first=Ethirajan | last=Anbarasan}}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3737746.stm | work=BBC News | title=Japan writes off Nepalese debt | date=2004-10-12 | access-date=2010-04-02}}</ref>

Japan is the 2nd most preferred destination for abroad study to the Nepali students.<ref name=":4" />

===Malaysia===
{{Flagicon|Malaysia}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|Malaysia–Nepal relations}}

Malaysia has an embassy in [[Kathmandu]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kln.gov.my/web/npl_kathmandu/home|title=Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Kathmandu|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia]]|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> and Nepal has an embassy in [[Kuala Lumpur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalembassy.com.my/en/index.html|title=Embassy of Nepal|publisher=Embassy of Nepal, Kuala Lumpur|access-date=26 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182907/http://www.nepalembassy.com.my/en/index.html|archive-date=1 February 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1960,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalembassy.com.my/en/nepal_malaysia_relationship.html|title=Nepal-Malaysia Relationship|publisher=Embassy of Nepal, Kuala Lumpur|access-date=26 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182904/http://www.nepalembassy.com.my/en/nepal_malaysia_relationship.html|archive-date=1 February 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> with bilateral relations between Malaysia and Nepal have developed from historic grounds.<ref name="br">{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.np/en/nepal-malaysia-relations-81.html|title=Bilateral Relations (Nepal-Malaysia)|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nepal|access-date=26 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201235930/http://www.mofa.gov.np/en/nepal-malaysia-relations-81.html|archive-date=1 February 2014}}</ref>

===Mexico===
{{Flagicon|Mexico}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

Both nations established diplomatic relations in 1975.

* Mexico is accredited to Nepal from its embassy in New Delhi, India and maintains an honorary consulate in Kathmandu.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/india/| title = Embassy of Mexico in India}}</ref>
* Nepal is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Mexico City]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://us.nepalembassy.gov.np/| title = Embassy of Nepal in the United States}}</ref>

===Norway===
{{Flagicon|Norway}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|Nepal–Norway relations}}

Diplomatic relations were established on 26 January 1973. Norway established an embassy in [[Kathmandu]] in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.norway.org.np/Devcoop/In+Nepal/DevCoop.htm |title=Norwegian Development Cooperation with Nepal (Norway - the official site in Nepal) |access-date=2009-07-04 |archive-date=2009-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906090055/http://www.norway.org.np/Devcoop/In+Nepal/DevCoop.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.norway.org.np/Devcoop/ |title=Norwegian Embassy in Nepal |access-date=2009-07-04 |archive-date=2009-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503011343/http://www.norway.org.np/Devcoop/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Norway's aid to Nepal was around 32 million [[United States dollar|USD]] in 2017. Norwegian aid prioritizes [[education]], [[good governance]] and [[energy]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.norway.no/en/nepal/norway-nepal2/development-cooperation/ |title=Development Cooperation |website=Norgesportalen |language=en |access-date=2019-06-06}}</ref>

In 2008, Norwegian Prime Minister [[Jens Stoltenberg]] and Minister of the Environment and International Development [[Erik Solheim]] visited Nepal.<ref>[http://www.norwaypost.no/content/view/21837/26/ Nepal's Prime Minister visits Norway] April 10, 2009</ref> In 2009, Prime Minister Prachanda visited Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/28/content_11088688.htm |title=Nepali PM to leave for Europe _English_Xinhua |access-date=2017-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224232829/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/28/content_11088688.htm |archive-date=2016-12-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In May 2008, a small bomb exploded outside the Norwegian embassy in Kathmandu. No one was injured.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/No-one_hurt_as_bomb_rocks_Norway_embassy_in_Nepal/articleshow/3047726.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Politics/Nation | date=2008-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/content/en/travel-advice/asia-oceana/nepal/fco_trv_ca_nepal?ta=safetySecurity&pg=2 |title=Nepal travel advice |access-date=2009-07-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904212749/http://www.fco.gov.uk/content/en/travel-advice/asia-oceana/nepal/fco_trv_ca_nepal?ta=safetySecurity&pg=2 |archive-date=2009-09-04 }}</ref>

===Pakistan===
{{Flagicon|Pakistan}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|Nepal–Pakistan relations}}

The bilateral relations between Nepal and the [[Islamic Republic of Pakistan]] were fully established between 1962 and 1963.<ref name="O">{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/nepal/66.htm|title=Nepal – Pakistan and Bangladesh|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>

===Russia===
{{Flagicon|Russia}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|Nepal–Russia relations}}

===Serbia===

{{Flagicon|Serbia}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

*A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between both countries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/images/stories/bilaterala_ugovori/NEPAL.doc |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-12-30 |archive-date=2016-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231080238/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/images/stories/bilaterala_ugovori/NEPAL.doc |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Spain===
{{Flagicon|Spain}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|Nepal–Spain relations}}

===South Korea===

{{Flagicon|South Korea}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{Main|Nepal–South Korea relations}}

In addition to the in-kind and monetary donations and emergency relief workers sent by the government of the [[Republic of Korea]] immediately after the latest earthquake in Nepal<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/asiapacific/countries/20071018/1_24394.jsp?menu=m_30_10 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Asia Pacific |website=www.mofa.go.kr |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904015758/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/asiapacific/countries/20071018/1_24394.jsp?menu=m_30_10 |archive-date=4 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Government of South Korea|Korean government]] provided grant [[aid]] worth 10 million US dollars to assist with [[Nepal]]'s recovery and reconstruction efforts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/press/pressreleases/index.jsp?menu=m_10_20&sp=%2Fwebmodule%2Fhtsboard%2Ftemplate%2Fread%2Fengreadboard.jsp%3FtypeID%3D12%26boardid%3D302%26seqno%3D315247 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Press Releases |access-date=2016-03-04 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070825/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/press/pressreleases/index.jsp?menu=m_10_20&sp=%2Fwebmodule%2Fhtsboard%2Ftemplate%2Fread%2Fengreadboard.jsp%3FtypeID%3D12%26boardid%3D302%26seqno%3D315247 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Turkey===
{{Flagicon|Turkey}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|Nepal–Turkey relations}}

===United Kingdom===

{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|Nepal–United Kingdom relations}}

Nepal established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 4 March 1816 with the ratification of the [[Treaty of Sugauli]].<ref name="uk" /><ref name="sugauli" />
*Nepal maintains an [[Embassy of Nepal, London|embassy]] in [[London]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Diplomat Magazine|date=1 November 2013|title=Nepal|website=Diplomat Magazine|url=https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/middle-east-asia/nepal/|access-date=19 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429172616/https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/middle-east-asia/nepal/|archive-date=29 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The United Kingdom is accredited to Nepal through its embassy in Kathmandu.<ref>{{cite web|title=British Embassy Kathmandu|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-kathmandu|access-date=12 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911232352/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-kathmandu|archive-date=11 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the [[World Trade Organization]]. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref>{{cite web|author-link=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office |author=((Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office)) |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|title=Country and regional development partnership summaries|website=GOV.UK|date=17 July 2023 |access-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526234739/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|archive-date=26 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2633/nepal---united-kingdom-bit-1993-|title=Nepal - United Kingdom BIT (1993)|website=[[UN Trade and Development]]|access-date=12 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224050625/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2633/nepal---united-kingdom-bit-1993-|archive-date=24 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

===United States===

{{Flagicon|United States}}{{Flagicon|Nepal}}

{{main|Nepal – United States relations}}

Nepal and the United States established the diplomatic relations between them on 25 April 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mofa.gov.np/nepal-us-relations/|title = Nepal - US Relations - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA}}</ref>
[[File:Embassy of Nepal.JPG|thumb|upright|Embassy of Nepal in [[Washington, D.C.]]]]