Editing Foreign relations of Namibia (section)

==Bilateral relations==

===Africa===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Angola}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Angola–Namibia relations]]

In 1999 Namibia signed a mutual defence pact with its northern neighbour Angola. This affected the [[Angolan Civil War]] that has been ongoing since Angola's independence in 1975. Namibia's ruling party [[SWAPO]] wanted to support the ruling party [[MPLA]] in Angola to fight the rebel movement [[UNITA]], whose stronghold is in southern Angola, bordering Namibia. The defence pact allowed Angolan troops to use Namibian territory when attacking [[UNITA]].

The alliance between SWAPO and MPLA has deep roots and began as both Angola's and Namibia's ruling parties sought independence during the mid twentieth century and into the [[Angolan Civil War]]. In Angola, the leftist movement [[MPLA]] was fighting the rightist movement [[UNITA]], which was supported by South Africa. In Namibia, [[SWAPO]], then being a rebel movement, was fighting for independence from South Africa along the Angolan border. Angola allowed SWAPO to establish training and refugee camps for Namibians and PLAN (People's Liberation Army of Namibia) fighters. As MPLA and SWAPO shared a common ideological ground, and had a common enemy in South Africa, they came to cooperate.

The Angolan civil war resulted in a large number of Angolan [[refugees]] coming to Namibia. At its peak in 2001 there were over 30,000 Angolan refugees in Namibia. The calmer situation in Angola has made it possible for many of them to return to their home with the help of [[UNHCR]], and in 2004 only 12,600 remained in Namibia.
<ref name="UNHCR">{{cite web
| url = http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/statistics/opendoc.pdf?tbl=STATISTICS&id=44e5c7800&page=statistics
| title = 2004 UNHCR Statistical Yearbook – Namibia
| publisher = United Nations High Commission on Refugees
| access-date = 26 August 2006
| archive-date = 24 August 2006
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060824221929/http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/statistics/opendoc.pdf?tbl=STATISTICS&id=44e5c7800&page=statistics
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
Most of them reside in the [[refugee camp]] [[Osire]] north of [[Windhoek]].

* Angola has an embassy in Windhoek and consulates-general in [[Oshakati]] and [[Rundu]].
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Luanda]] and consulates-general in [[Menongue]] and [[Ondjiva]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Botswana}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Botswana–Namibia relations]]

Botswana–Namibia relations are friendly, with the two neighbouring countries cooperating on economic development. [[Botswana]] gained independence from Britain in September 1966. [[Namibia]] gained independence from South Africa in 1990 following the [[Namibian War of Independence]].

* Botswana has a High Commission in [[Windhoek]].
* Namibia has a High Commission in [[Gaborone]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Eswatini}}||28 February 1992||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 February 1992<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Swaziland and Namibia as of 28 Feb. 1992 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1631622?ln=en |access-date=15 May 2023 |website=digitallibrary.un.org |archive-date=13 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113101249/https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1631622?ln=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Eswatini is accredited to Namibia from its High Commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
* Namibia is accredited to Eswatini from its High Commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}||<!--Date started-->||
During the [[Namibia under South African occupation|South African occupation of Namibia]], Ethiopia was one of the country's leading proponents abroad; Ethiopia and [[Liberia]] were the first two states to bring the question of independence for then [[South West Africa]] to the United Nations.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MA4mkNKXxqoC&dq=ethiopia+namibia+relations&pg=PA220 The South West Africa/Namibia dispute] by John Dugard</ref>

In 2007, the two governments signed an agreement which expanded air travel between the two states.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120119135029/http://www.kilil5.com/news/12989_ethiopia-namibia-sign-air-transp Ethiopia, Namibia sign air transport agreement]}}</ref> In December 2009, Namibia's Foreign Minister, [[Marko Hausiku]] met with Ethiopian Foreign Affairs Minister [[Seyoum Mesfin]] and noted the economic, science, technical and cultural agreements in place between the two countries and expressed a desire to improve the trade relations.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.et/Press_Section/publication.php?Main_Page_Number=4796 Ethiopia, Namibia working out to step up cooperation areas] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328075854/http://www.mfa.gov.et/Press_Section/publication.php?Main_Page_Number=4796 |date=28 March 2012 }}</ref>

* Ethiopia is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Addis Ababa]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Liberia}}||<!--Date started-->||
In 1960, Liberia and [[Ethiopia]] brought litigation against [[South Africa under apartheid|apartheid South Africa]] in the [[International Court of Justice]] to end its occupation of Namibia.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20111002192046/http://newliberian.com/?p=436 Liberia, Namibia Sign Agreement aimed at Strengthening Bilateral Relations]}} NewLiberian.com, 15 July 2008</ref> As part of Liberia's support for Namibia's liberation struggle, many Namibian students received Liberian passports which helped them study abroad.

As of July 2008, a total of 5,900 [[Namibia Defence Force]] troops had been rotated through Liberia as part of the [[United Nations Mission in Liberia]].<ref>[http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=46410&no_cache=1 Liberia and Namibia to trade more] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172923/http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=46410&no_cache=1 |date=3 June 2012 }} [[The Namibian]], 15 July 2008</ref> Namibia maintained a battalion of about 800 personnel in [[Grand Cape Mount]] county for several years, for most of the period part of UNMIL Sector 2, headquartered at [[Tubmanburg]]. In May 2005, Namibian troops were accused of sexual exploitation of young girls and women; three Namibian soldiers were sent home from the force after a United Nations investigation found them guilty of "engaging in sexual activity with civilians", which is against United Nations rules for peacekeepers.<ref>[http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=17979&no_cache=1 NDF to probe Liberia sex scandal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172939/http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=17979&no_cache=1 |date=3 June 2012 }} [[The Namibian]], 26 May 2005</ref>
* Liberia is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
* Namibia is accredited to Liberia from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nigeria}}||21 March 1990||
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1990<ref>{{Cite book |title=Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997 |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1999 |pages=302}}</ref>

Namibia and Nigeria have binding bilateral agreements, but as of 2014, trade between the two countries was low. In March 2014, Nigerian President [[Goodluck Jonathan]] visited Namibia for Namibia's 24th independence day celebrations. The two countries also discussed establishing an oil refinery in Namibia for Nigerian oil.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201403190252.html|title=Namibia, Nigeria to Improve Bilateral Relations|work=[[AllAfrica.com]]|access-date=27 September 2014|archive-date=26 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226042803/http://allafrica.com/stories/201403190252.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

* Namibia has a high commission in [[Abuja]].
* Nigeria has a high commission in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Africa}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–South Africa relations]]

Upon independence in 1990, Namibia's economy was still tied to South Africa's.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEFDF1331F930A15750C0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |title=In Namibia, South African Is Center of Attention |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=23 March 1990}}</ref> To this day, the [[economy of Namibia]] is still closely contacted to South Africa through both institutional relationships ([[Southern African Customs Union]], for example) and privately owned mining concessions.<ref>[http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Namibia/Economy.html Namibia – Economy<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185753/http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Namibia/Economy.html|date=9 June 2011}}</ref> The [[South African rand]] is still legal currency within Namibia, while the [[Namibian dollar]] is not so in South Africa and the currencies are traded on par locally.

* Namibia has a high commission in Pretoria and a consulate-general in [[Cape Town]].
* South Africa has a high commission in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zambia}}||5 August 1990||See [[Namibia–Zambia relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 August 1990<ref>{{Cite book |title=Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997 |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1999 |pages=305}}</ref>

* Namibia has a high commission in [[Lusaka]].
* Zambia has a high commission in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–Zimbabwe relations]]

The ruling parties of Namibia (since independence in 1990) and Zimbabwe (since independence in 1980) have been close since pre-independence days, as both were anti-colonial movements against white-minority governments.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040618100207/http://www.namibian.com.na/2004/June/national/04473CB0FF.html Zimbabwe heaps praise on Swapo's transition effort] by Tangeni Amupadhi, [[The Namibian]], 3 June 2004</ref> Namibia sent troops in the [[Military of Namibia|Namibia Defence Force]] to the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] alongside Zimbabwe in a SADC coalition to support President [[Joseph Kabila]].<ref>[http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/48050 Namibia and Zimbabwe – the second liberation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185039/http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/48050 |date=29 October 2013 }} by Henning Melber, pambazuka.org, 13 May 2008</ref>
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Harare]].
* Zimbabwe has an embassy in Windhoek.
|}

===Americas===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Brazil}}||<!--Date started-->1990||See [[Brazil–Namibia relations]]

* Brazil has an embassy in [[Windhoek]].
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Brasília]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Canada}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Canada–Namibia relations]]

Canada's relationship with Namibia began in 1977 when Canada joined the [[Western Contact Group]], a joint diplomatic effort of France, United Kingdom, United States, Canada and [[West Germany]] to bring an internationally acceptable transition to independence for Namibia. In 1990 official relations started; Canada has dispatched an [[Honorary Consul]] to [[Windhoek]].<ref name=canada>[http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/southafrica-afriquedusud/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/canada_namibia-namibie.aspx?menu_id=60&menu=L Canada-Namibia relations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129053033/http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/southafrica-afriquedusud/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/canada_namibia-namibie.aspx?menu_id=60&menu=L |date=29 January 2011 }} Foreign Ministry of Canada</ref>

Canada is one of the main destinations for Namibian refugees. Together with Botswana and Denmark, Canada has been granting asylum to people fleeing Namibia in the aftermath of the [[Caprivi conflict]], and particularly the [[Caprivi treason trial]] that followed in which the Namibian government was accused of human rights violations.<ref name="exile">{{cite news
 |url=http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=2864
 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130111222142/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=2864
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-date=11 January 2013
 |title=No Title
 |last=Inambao
 |first=Chrispin
 |newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]
 |date=1 September 2004
 |access-date=17 February 2012
 }}</ref> Only in 2010 Canada has changed its standpoint and is now considering the CLA to be a terrorist organisation that has "attempted to usurp an elected government". Nonetheless, Canada received a steady inflow of Namibian immigrants who seek economic betterment under the pretense of humiliation and harassment in Namibia. In 2011 more than 1,000 Namibians entered Canada. Three-quarters of them applied for refugee status, but only a few were successful.<ref>{{cite news
|title=The Great Trek
|last=Muraranganda
|first=Elvis
|date=February 2012
|work=[[insight Namibia]]}}</ref>

* Canada is accredited to Namibia from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
* Namibia is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cuba}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Cuba–Namibia relations]]

Cuban-Namibian relations date back to the [[Namibian War of Independence]] when [[Cuba]] politically, militarily and diplomatically supported the Namibian rebel organization and future ruling party, [[South West Africa People's Organization]] (SWAPO) against the [[Military of South Africa|military]] of [[Apartheid]] South Africa.<ref name="radiohc.cu">[http://www.radiohc.cu/ingles/noticias/julio05/5julio/cuba7.htm Cuba-Namibia Joint Commission Meeting Kicks off in Havana]{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Radio Habana, Cuba, 5 July 2005</ref>

Since independence, Namibia and Cuba have held joint meetings every two years for Economic, Scientific-Technical and Commercial Cooperation. In 2005, it was reported that 1,460 Cuban professionals had worked in Namibia, including 208 in 2005.<ref name="radiohc.cu"/>

* Cuba has an embassy in Windhoek.
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Havana]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Mexico}}||<!--Date started-->17 April 1990||See [[Mexico–Namibia relations]]
Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with Namibia on 17 April 1990. In 1993, Mexico opened an embassy in Windhoek, however, the embassy was closed in 2002.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/62/3/2015-03-05-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Embajador_SudAfrica.pdf| title = Mexico-Namibia relations (in Spanish)| access-date = 15 May 2017| archive-date = 2 April 2023| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230402063942/https://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/62/3/2015-03-05-1/assets/documentos/Dict_Rel_Ext_Embajador_SudAfrica.pdf| url-status = live}}</ref>

* Mexico is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/sudafrica/| title = Embassy of Mexico in South Africa| access-date = 15 May 2017| archive-date = 4 May 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210504120721/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/sudafrica/| url-status = live}}</ref>
* Namibia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.namibiaembassyusa.org/| title = Embassy of Namibia in the United States| access-date = 15 May 2017| archive-date = 17 May 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170517114459/http://www.namibiaembassyusa.org/| url-status = live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United States}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–United States relations]]

U.S.-Namibian relations are good and continue to improve. Characterized by shared [[Democracy|democratic values]], commitment to rule of law, and respect for human rights, the bilateral relationship has been strengthened through trade ties and U.S. assistance programs. Namibia has seized opportunities created by [[AGOA]]. Currently the [[SACU]] countries and the U.S. are negotiating a Trade, Investment and Development Cooperation Agreement, scheduled to be signed in 2008. Namibia has been included in President Bush's International Mother and Child HIV Initiative and the Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.  The [[U.S. Agency for International Development]]'s (USAID) bilateral presence in Namibia has been extended until 2010. In addition to the embassy, the [[Centers for Disease Control]], [[Peace Corps]], and the [[United States Department of Defense]] have offices in Windhoek.

* Namibia has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]]
* United States has an embassy in Windhoek.
|}

===Asia===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|China}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[China–Namibia relations]]

Governmental relations were first established the day after Namibia's independence, but relations with Namibian independence movements date back to the 1960s.<ref name="fmprc.gov.cn">[http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cena/eng/zngx/t410246.htm Interpretation of China-Namibia Relations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707040350/https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cena/eng/zngx/t410246.htm |date=7 July 2022 }} in Foreign Ministry of the People's Republic of China</ref> China and Namibia have developed close economic relations, with trade increasing twofold between the two countries from 2003 to 2006. During a February 2007 visit, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] pledged Namibia "[[Renminbi|RMB]] 1&nbsp;billion of concessional loans, 100 million US dollars of preferential export buyer's credit, RMB 30&nbsp;million [[Renminbi|yuan]] of grants and RMB 30 million of interest-free loans..."<ref name="fmprc.gov.cn"/>

* China has an embassy in [[Windhoek]].
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Beijing]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|India}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[India–Namibia relations]]

Relations began between [[SWAPO]] and the Indian government prior to independence. In 2010, relations were described by Indian officials as "warm and cordial". India has been involved in training the [[Namibian Air Force]] and bilateral trade in 2008–09 stood at $80&nbsp;million.<ref name=MEA.gov.in>[http://www.mea.gov.in/meaxpsite/foreignrelation/08fr03.pdf Indo-Namibian Relations] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313200039/http://www.mea.gov.in/meaxpsite/foreignrelation/08fr03.pdf |date=13 March 2012 }} Ministry of External Affairs of India, September 2010</ref>
* India has a high commission in Windhoek.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mea.gov.in/indian-mission.htm?154/154/0|title=MEA {{!}} Indian Missions Abroad {{!}} Indian Mission|website=mea.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2017-07-13|archive-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518094738/http://mea.gov.in/indian-mission.htm?154/154/0|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Namibia has a high commission in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhcdelhi.com/|title=Welcome {{!}} Namibia High Commission - New Delhi|website=nhcdelhi.com|access-date=2017-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715041028/http://www.nhcdelhi.com/|archive-date=15 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Indonesia}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Indonesia–Namibia relations]]

* Indonesia has an embassy in Windhoek.
* Namibia is accredited to Indonesia from its high commission in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Israel}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Israel–Namibia relations]]

* Israel is accredited to Namibia from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in [[Jerusalem]].
* Namibia is accredited to Israel from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Japan}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Japan–Namibia relations]]

Diplomatic relations between Japan and Namibia were established in March 1990. 
* Japan has an embassy in Windhoek.
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Tokyo]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Malaysia}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Malaysia–Namibia relations]]

Both countries were once part of the [[British Empire]] and before Namibia achieved its independence, Malaysia has contributed to [[United Nations Transition Assistance Group|some operations]] in Namibia by sending a group of soldiers to help monitor the Namibian elections and peace process.<ref>{{cite book|author=Emmanuel Ike Udogu|title=Liberating Namibia: The Long Diplomatic Struggle Between the United Nations and South Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kdPadeeqVBIC&pg=PA185|year=2012|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-6576-7|pages=185–}}</ref> Today, the relations are much more focused in economic cooperation.
* Malaysia has a high commission in Windhoek.
* Namibia has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkey}}||<!--Date started-->1966<ref name="auto26">{{cite web| url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-namibia.en.mfa| title=Relations between Turkey and Namibia| access-date=6 September 2016| archive-date=29 March 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329120857/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-namibia.en.mfa| url-status=live}}</ref>||See [[Namibia–Turkey relations]] 
*Namibia is accredited to Turkey from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
*Turkey has an embassy in [[Windhoek]].<ref name="auto26"/>
*Trade volume between the two countries was US$11.84 million in 2019 (Namibian exports/imports: 2.44/9.40 million USD).<ref name="auto26"/>
|}

===Europe===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Finland}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Finland–Namibia relations]]

Finland recognised Namibia on 21 March 1990.  Both countries established diplomatic relations on the same day, and Namibia was represented in Finland through its embassy in [[Stockholm]], Sweden. Since 2015 Namibia has an embassy in Helsinki. Finland has an embassy in Windhoek and an honorary consulate in [[Walvis Bay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17237&culture=en-US&contentlan=2|title=Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Entering Finland and travelling abroad: Namibia|website=formin.finland.fi|language=en|access-date=2017-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006035559/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17237&culture=en-US&contentlan=2|archive-date=6 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Finland has stated it is a staunch supporter of Namibian independence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?contentid=132602&nodeid=17430&contentlan=2&culture=en-US |title=A new phase beginning in cooperation between Finland and Namibia - Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Countries and regions: News |access-date=2013-05-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310003514/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?contentid=132602&nodeid=17430&contentlan=2&culture=en-US |archive-date=10 March 2012 }}</ref> The Finnish Government has provided assistance in the sectors of forestry, water, environment and health.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.finland.org.na/public/default.aspx?contentid=143774&nodeid=41050&contentlan=2&culture=en-US|title=The Chargée d'Affaires a.i. of Finland Mrs Seija Kinni-Huttunen ends her Tour of Duty 31 July 2008 - Embassy of Finland, Windhoek : Current Affairs : Embassy news|website=finland.org.na|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-13|archive-date=25 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225092657/http://www.finland.org.na/public/default.aspx?contentid=143774&nodeid=41050&contentlan=2&culture=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref> Namibia's exports to Finland increased from N$810 million in 2004 to over N$1 billion (approximately 90 million EUR) in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.economist.com.na/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D13211%3Aexports-to-finland-exceed-n1-billion-mark-%26catid%3D539%3Ageneral-news%26Itemid%3D60 |title=Exports to Finland exceed N$1 billion mark |access-date=2009-05-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716145649/http://www.economist.com.na/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13211%3Aexports-to-finland-exceed-n1-billion-mark-&catid=539%3Ageneral-news&Itemid=60 |archive-date=16 July 2011 }}</ref>

In June 2008, Prime Minister of Namibia [[Nahas Angula]] visited Finland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?contentid=132328&nodeid=17430&contentlan=2&culture=en-US |title=Prime Minister of Namibia to visit Finland - Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Countries and regions: News |access-date=2013-05-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310003529/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?contentid=132328&nodeid=17430&contentlan=2&culture=en-US |archive-date=10 March 2012 }}</ref>

* Finland has an embassy in Windhoek.
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Helsinki]]. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||<!--Date started-->||

* France has an embassy in Windhoek.
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Paris]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Germany}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Germany–Namibia relations]]

First contacts between people of the two countries took place when German missionaries were hired by the [[London Missionary Society]] to commence working in Southern Namibia during the late 18th and early 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_E.htm |title=Ebner, Johann Leonhard |access-date=4 July 2009 |archive-date=15 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015021258/http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_E.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 1880s the [[German Empire]] came to what is now Namibia as a colonizing power, creating [[German South-West Africa]]. The German colonial rule was marked by tensions and led to the [[Herero and Namaqua Genocide|genocide of the Herero and Namaqua people from 1904 to 1907]], which resulted in the deaths of 65,000 Herero (80 percent of the total Herero population), and 10,000 Nama (50% of the total Nama population). The colony was ruled by Germany until 1915 when it was conquered by troops from the [[Union of South Africa]].

During South African rule, German was one of the three official languages of Namibia, the others being [[Afrikaans]] and [[English language|English]]. Likewise during Apartheid rule, [[West Germany]] maintained a consulate in Windhoek despite United Nations resolutions calling for the isolation of South Africa.

Namibian independence in 1990 coincided with German reunification, resulting in an initially slow development of diplomatic relations. However, in both 1989 and 2004 the German government acknowledged its responsibility for Namibia as a priority partner country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bmz.de/en/countries/partnercountries/namibia/index.html |title=Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development - Namibia |access-date=15 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215090748/http://www.bmz.de/en/countries/partnercountries/namibia/index.html |archive-date=15 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since then German Development minister [[Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul]] visited Namibia, asking the country for forgiveness of the past.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1298060,00.html|title=Germany Asks for Namibians' 'Forgiveness' {{!}} Germany {{!}} DW {{!}} 14.08.2004|last=(www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche Welle|website=Deutsche Welle|language=en|access-date=2017-07-13|archive-date=15 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015000546/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1298060,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Today, not least due to substantially improved co-operation and exchange, as well as by fate of the permanent presence of the "[[German Namibians|German tribe in Namibia]]", the two countries have mostly learnt to a new dialogue, which at times also still stagnates.

* Germany has an embassy in Windhoek.
* Namibia has an embassy in [[Berlin]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}||<!--Date started-->||
On 21 December 2011 [[North Macedonia]] and Namibia established diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level when the Ambassadors of both countries to the UN, Pajo Avirovic and [[Wilfried Emvula]] respectively, signed the joint communiqué. With the establishment of diplomatic relations, Namibia [[Macedonia naming dispute|recognised Macedonia under its constitutional name]] the 'Republic of Macedonia' as opposed to its provisional name the 'former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia'; in doing so Namibia became the 133 country to recognise Macedonia's constitutional name.<ref name="Namibia and Macedonia Establish Diplomatic Ties">{{cite news|title=Namibia and Macedonia Establish Diplomatic Ties under Constitutional name|url=http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/19917/45/|access-date=22 December 2011|date=21 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525080144/http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/19917/45/|archive-date=25 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* North Macedonia does not have an accreditation to Namibia.
* Namibia is accredited to North Macedonia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Poland}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–Poland relations]]
* Namibia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, and there is an honorary consulate of Namibia in [[Warsaw]].
* Poland is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal}}||<!--Date started-->||

* Namibia is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France.
* Portugal has an embassy in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Russia}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–Russia relations]]

Relations between Namibia and Russia were considered "excellent" in 2006 by then-Namibian Minister of Education [[Nangolo Mbumba]], while Russia expressed a desire for even stronger relations, particularly in the economic field. Also in 2006, the Namibia-Russia Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation was officially opened during a visit by Russian Natural Resources Minister [[Yuri Trutnev]] to [[Windhoek]]. During said visit, the Minister said Russia was interested in investing in oil, hydro-electric power and tourism.<ref>[http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200607/28/eng20060728_287595.html Russia urges more trade with mineral-rich Namibia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191710/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200607/28/eng20060728_287595.html |date=29 October 2013 }} People's Daily, 28 July 2006</ref> In 2007, Russian Prime Minister [[Mikhail Fradkov]] held discussions with Namibian Deputy Prime Minister [[Nahas Angula]] and President [[Hifikepunye Pohamba]] in regards to the possibility of developing Namibia's significant uranium deposits with an aim towards creating a nuclear power plant in the country.<ref>[https://archive.today/20110711003232/http://www.fin24.com/articles/default/display_article.aspx?Nav=ns&ArticleID=1518-25_2085428 Russia, Namibia in nuke talks] Fin24.com, 18 March 2007</ref> In 2008, Trutnev returned to Namibia, this time to [[Swakopmund]], to meet at the third annual Intergovernmental Commission. Top foreign ministry official [[Marco Hausiku]] and his deputy [[Lempy Lucas]] represented Namibia in discussions with Trutnev.<ref>[http://www.namibian.com.na/2008/November/marketplace/083FB873A5.html Russian minist in trade talks with Nam] The Namibian, 28 November 2008 {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

* Namibia has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
* Russia has an embassy in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Serbia}}||<!--Date started-->1990||
Diplomatic relations between Namibia and Serbia were officially established in 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-issues/96-bilateral-issues/12333-namibia|title=Namibia|website=mfa.gov.rs|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-04-17|archive-date=21 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421151418/http://mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-issues/96-bilateral-issues/12333-namibia|url-status=dead}}</ref> Serbia, then part of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], provided education, training, and financial support for [[SWAPO]] members during the entirety of the [[South African Border War]], and the two countries have shared close relations ever since.<ref>Bott, Sandra, and Jussi Hanhimaki. Neutrality and Neutralism in the Global Cold War: between or within the Blocs? ROUTLEDGE, 2017.</ref> During the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]] in 1999, Namibia, which was then on the UN Security Council, voted with Russia and China for an immediate cessation of NATO attacks. Namibia also strongly supports the Serbian position on the [[International recognition of Kosovo|Kosovo dispute]].<ref>[http://www.srbija.gov.rs/vesti/vest.php?id=68561 Namibia will not recognise unilaterally declared independence of Kosovo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905160129/http://www.srbija.gov.rs/vesti/vest.php?id=68561 |date=5 September 2012 }}, Serbian Government, 2010-09-02</ref>
* Namibia is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
* Serbia is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–Spain relations]]

* Namibia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
* Spain has an embassy in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sweden}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Namibia–Sweden relations]]

* Namibia has an embassy in [[Stockholm]].
* Sweden is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Switzerland}}||<!--Date started-->||

* Namibia has an embassy in [[Geneva]].
* Switzerland is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Windhoek.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||1990||See [[Namibia–United Kingdom relations]]
Namibia established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] in 1990.
*Namibia maintains a [[High Commission of Namibia, London|high commission]] in London.
* The United Kingdom is accredited to Namibia through its [[British High Commission|high commission]] in [[Windhoek]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-windhoek|title=British High Commission Windhoek|website=GOV.UK|access-date=31 July 2024|archive-date=14 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514001642/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-high-commission-windhoek|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]], the [[International Criminal Court]], and the [[World Trade Organization]], as well as the [[Economic Partnership Agreements|SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bavier|first=Joe|date=11 September 2019|title=Britain agrees post-Brexit trade deal with southern Africa|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-africa-trade-idUKKCN1VW1N5|website=[[Reuters]]|access-date=17 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218025328/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-africa-trade-idUKKCN1VW1N5/|archive-date=18 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

* Namibia has a high commission in [[London]].
* United Kingdom has a high commission in Windhoek.
|}

===Namibia and the Commonwealth of Nations===

Namibia has been a [[Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth republic]] since 1990, when [[South West Africa]] became independent of South Africa.