Editing Foreign relations of Egypt (section)

===Africa===
In the 21st-century Egypt has encountered a major problem with [[immigration]], as millions of Africans attempt to enter Egypt fleeing poverty and war.  Border control methods can be "harsh, sometimes lethal." This has strained relations with Egypt's southern neighbors, and with Israel and the members of the EU as these immigrants attempt to move on to wealthier countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Desperate on the Border|author=Soussi, Alasdair|publisher=Jerusalem Report|date=November 9, 2008|url= http://www.jpost.com/JerusalemReport/Article.aspx?id=119897|access-date=September 30, 2012}}</ref>

The dispute between Egypt and [[Ethiopia]] over the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]] has become a national preoccupation in both countries.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Decian |title=For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/09/world/africa/nile-river-dam.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=9 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210015121/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/09/world/africa/nile-river-dam.html |archive-date=10 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam |url=https://qz.com/africa/1874343/egypt-cyber-attack-on-ethiopia-is-strike-over-the-grand-dam/ |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=27 June 2020}}</ref> Egypt sees the dam as an existential threat, fearing that the dam will reduce the amount of water it receives from the [[Nile]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02124-8 |work=Nature |date=15 July 2020}}</ref> Egypt's Foreign Minister [[Sameh Shoukry]] said: "Survival is not a question of choice, but an imperative of nature."<ref>{{cite news |title=Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war? |url=https://www.theweek.co.uk/107468/are-egypt-and-ethiopia-heading-for-a-water-war |work=The Week |date=8 July 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations established
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Algeria}}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Algeria–Egypt relations]]

* Algeria has an embassy in [[Cairo]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Algiers]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Angola}}||18 February 1976||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 February 1976<ref name="Relação Diplomática no Egipto"/>
* Angola has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Luanda]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}||30 June 1960||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yitzhak Oron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0LooyExir7EC&dq=ambassador+Nagib+as-Sadr&pg=PA27 |title=Middle East Record Volume 1, 1960 Volume 1 |publisher=Published for The Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center by George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Limited |year=1960 |pages=27 |access-date=22 November 2023}}</ref>
* DR Congo has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Djibouti}}||22 July 1977||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 July 1977, when the first Ambassador of Egypt to Djibouti, Mohamed Samy Heiba, presented his credentials to President Hassan Gouled Aptidon.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Cairo Press Review. |publisher=1977 |pages=9}}</ref>
* Djibouti has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Djibouti City]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Egypt–Ethiopia relations]]
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Addis Ababa]].
* In 2021, Ethiopia closed its embassy in Cairo due to financial reasons.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-27 |title=Ethiopia closes its embassy in Cairo 'temporarily' for 'financial reasons' |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/108229/Ethiopia-closes-its-embassy-in-Cairo-'temporarily'-for-'financial-reasons' |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref> In November 2022, Ethiopia reopened its embassy in Cairo.<ref>[https://egyptindependent.com/sisi-receives-credentials-of-new-ethiopian-ambassador-to-egypt/ Sisi receives credentials of new Ethiopian ambassador to Egypt]</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}||11 June 1974||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 1974<ref name="Economic Features, Limited"/>
* Egypt is accredited to Guinea-Bissau from its embassy in Conakry, Guinea.<ref name="mfa.gov.eg">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mfa.gov.eg/English/Ministry/PublishingImages/Pages/contacts-egypt-empassys/Africa.doc |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-01-25 |archive-date=2018-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012433/https://www.mfa.gov.eg/English/Ministry/PublishingImages/Pages/contacts-egypt-empassys/Africa.doc |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
* Guinea-Bissau is accredited to Egypt from its embassy in Algiers, Algeria.
*Both countries are full member of the [[African Union]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kenya}}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Egypt–Kenya relations]]

* Egypt has an embassy in [[Nairobi]].
* Kenya has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Libya}}||3 September 1953||See [[Egypt–Libya relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 1953 when first Libyan Minister to Egypt Ibrahim El-Senoussi present his credentials to General Naguib.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Arab League: 1951-1953 |publisher=Archive Editions |year=1995 |pages=670}}</ref>

* Egypt has an embassy in [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] and a consulate-general in [[Benghazi]].
* Libya has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate-general in Alexandria.
|-
|{{Flag|Mauritania}}
|21 October 1964
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 1964 when UAR (Egypt) officially recognized the Islamic Republic of Mauritania.<ref name="Brian Dean Curran, Joann L. Schrock 1972 97"/>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Morocco}}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Egypt–Morocco relations]]

* Egypt has an embassy in [[Rabat]].
* Morocco has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nigeria}}||<!--Start Date-->||

* Egypt has an embassy in [[Abuja]] and a consulate-general in [[Lagos]].
* Nigeria has an [[Embassy of Nigeria, Cairo|embassy in Cairo]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Rwanda}}||10 February 1971||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1971<ref>{{Cite book |title=Africa Research Bulletin |publisher=Blackwell |year=1971 |pages=2011}}</ref>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Kigali]].
* Rwanda has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Senegal}}||<!--Start Date-->||

* Egypt has an embassy in [[Dakar]].
* Senegal has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Somalia}}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Egypt–Somalia relations]]

* Egypt has an embassy in [[Mogadishu]].
* Somalia has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Africa }}||<!--Start Date-->1942
|See [[Egypt–South Africa relations]]
* The first South African mission in Egypt was established in 1942 as a consulate-general.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Pretoria]] and South Africa has an embassy in Cairo.
* Both countries are full members of the [[African Union]], [[Group of 24|G-24]], [[Group of 77]] and [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
*[http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/bilateral/egypt.html South African Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Egypt]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sudan}}||4 January 1956||See [[Egypt–Sudan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 January 1956 when first ambassador of Egypt to Sudan general Mahmoud Seif El-Yazal Khalifa presented his letters of credentials.<ref name="Chronologie Internationale"/><ref name="Sudan Almanac"/>

* Sudan was ruled by the [[Egyptian Empire]] since [[Ancient history|Ancient Times]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-07 |title=Ancient Egypt - The king and ideology: administration, art, and writing {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Egypt/The-king-and-ideology-administration-art-and-writing |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Khartoum]] and a consulate-general in [[Port Sudan]].
* Sudan has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate-general in [[Aswan]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Sudan}}||9 July 2011||See [[Egypt–South Sudan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 July 2011<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2017 |title=South Sudan President visit to Egypt |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/107432?lang=en-us#:~:text=When%20South%20Sudan%20declared%20its,celebrations%20marking%20the%20country's%20independence. |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=State Informations Service Egypt}}</ref>

* Egypt has an embassy in [[Juba]].
* South Sudan has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tanzania}}||14 November 1962||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1962 when Mr. Mustafa F. El-Essawi has been accredited as Ambassador of United Arab Republic (Egypt) to Tanganyika with residence in Dar es Salaam.<ref name="Tanzania. Protocol Division"/>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Dar-es-Salaam]].
* Tanzania has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tunisia}}||<!--Start Date-->||

* Egypt has an embassy in [[Tunis]].
* Tunisia has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||23 April 1980||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 April 1980.<ref name="ReferenceE"/>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Harare]].
* Zimbabwe has an embassy in Cairo.
|}