Editing Fontainebleau (section)

=== Modern period ===
[[File:ELD 418 - FONTAINEBLEAU - Place de l'Etape aux Vins.jpg|thumb|right|Place de l'Etape aux Vins before 1914, showing the [[Trams in Fontainebleau|tramway]]]]
On 29 October 1807, [[Manuel Godoy]], chancellor to the Spanish king, [[Charles IV of Spain|Charles IV]] and [[Napoleon]] signed the [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (October 1807)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]], which authorized the passage of French troops through Spanish territories so that they might invade Portugal.

On 20 June 1812, [[Pope Pius VII]] arrived at the château of Fontainebleau, after a secret transfer from [[Savona]], accompanied by his personal physician, Balthazard Claraz. In poor health, the Pope was the prisoner of Napoleon, and he remained in his genteel prison at Fontainebleau for nineteen months. From June 1812 until 23 January 1814, the Pope never left his apartments.

On 20 April 1814, [[Napoleon]] Bonaparte, shortly before his first abdication, bid farewell to the [[Old Guard (France)|Old Guard]], the renowned ''grognards'' (grumblers) who had served with him since his first campaigns, in the "White Horse Courtyard" (la cour du Cheval Blanc) at the Palace of Fontainebleau. (The courtyard has since been renamed the "Courtyard of Goodbyes".) According to contemporary sources, the occasion was very moving. The [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)|1814 Treaty of Fontainebleau]] stripped Napoleon of his powers (but not his title as [[Emperor of the French]]) and sent him into exile on [[Elba]].

Until the 19th century, Fontainebleau was a village and a suburb of [[Avon, Seine-et-Marne|Avon]]. Later, it developed as an independent residential city.

[[File:Bicentenaire des Adieux de Napoleon a Fontainebleau.JPG|thumb|Historical reenactment in Fontainebleau of the bicentenary of Napoleon's Farewell to the Old Guard, 20 April 2014. Napoleon is going down the famous stairs of Fontainebleau castle to meet with the Old Guard.]]

For the [[1924 Summer Olympics]], the town played host to the riding portion of the [[Modern pentathlon at the 1924 Summer Olympics|modern pentathlon]] event. This event took place near a golf course.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080410085129/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1924/1924.pdf 1924 Olympics official report.] pp. 501–3. {{in lang|fr}}</ref>

In July and August 1946, the town hosted the Franco-Vietnamese Conference, intended to find a solution to the long-contested struggle for Vietnam's independence from France, but the conference ended in failure.

Fontainebleau also hosted the general staff of the Allied Forces in Central Europe (Allied Forces Center or AFCENT) and the land forces command (LANDCENT); the air forces command (AIRCENT) was located nearby at [[Georges Guynemer|Camp Guynemer]]. These facilities were in place from the inception of [[NATO]] until France's partial withdrawal from NATO in 1967 when the United States returned those bases to French control. NATO moved AFCENT to [[Brunssum]] in the [[Netherlands]] and AIRCENT to [[Ramstein AFB|Ramstein]] in [[West Germany]]. (The Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, also known as SHAPE, was located at [[Rocquencourt, Yvelines|Rocquencourt]], west of Paris, quite a distance from Fontainebleau).

In 2008, the men's World Championship of [[Real Tennis]] (Jeu de Paume) was held in the tennis court of the Chateau. The real tennis World Championship is the oldest in sport and Fontainebleau has one of only two active courts in France.