Editing Foederati (section)

===6th century===
''Foederati'' (transliterated in Greek as Φοιδερᾶτοι or translated as Σύμμαχοι) were still present in the [[East Roman army]] during the 6th century. [[Belisarius]]' and [[Narses]]' victorious armies included many ''foederati'', but by this time the term in Greek refers to units that may once have included large numbers of non-Romans but have become professional, regular units in the Roman army that included Romans.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=McMahon |first1=Lucas |title=The Foederati, the Phoideratoi, and the Symmachoi of the Late Antique East (ca. A.D. 400-650) |journal=Ma Thesis - University of Ottawa |date=2014 |pages=9–44 |url=https://www.academia.edu/15110353}}</ref> These armies also included non-Roman elements such as Hunnic archers and Herule mercenaries who were more akin to traditional ''foederati'' but who were now referred to as symmachoi.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=McMahon |first1=Lucas |title=The Foederati, the Phoideratoi, and the Symmachoi of the Late Antique East (ca. A.D. 400-650) |journal=Ma Thesis - University of Ottawa |date=2014 |pages=52–69 |url=https://www.academia.edu/15110353}}</ref> At the [[Battle of Taginae]], a large contingent of the Byzantine army was made up of [[Lombards]], [[Gepids]] and [[Bulgars]].

In the east, foederati were formed out of several Arab tribes to protect against the Persian-allied Arab [[Lakhmids]] and the tribes of the Arabian peninsula. Among these foederati were the [[Tanukhids]], [[Banu Judham]], [[Banu Amela]] and the [[Ghassanids]]. The term continues to be attested in the Eastern Roman armies until around the reign of [[Maurice (emperor)|Maurice]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=McMahon |first1=Lucas |year=2014 |title=The Foederati, the Phoideratoi, and the Symmachoi of the Late Antique East (ca. A.D. 400-650) |url=https://www.academia.edu/15110353 |website=academia.edu |access-date=2018-11-20 }}</ref> Although no longer as important as in the sixth century, a unit of ''foederati'' appear in the Byzantine ''thema'' of the Anatolikon in the ninth century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haldon |first1=John |title=Byzantine Praetorians: An Administrative, Institutional, and Social Survey of the Opsikion and Tagmata, c. 580-900 |date=1984 |publisher=Rudolf Habelt |location=Bonn |pages=245–253}}</ref>