Editing Florence (section)

=== Second millennium ===
[[File:Firenze-sanminiato01.jpg|thumb|right|The Basilica di [[San Miniato al Monte]]]]
[[Hugh, Margrave of Tuscany|Margrave Hugo]] chose Florence as his residency instead of [[Lucca]] around 1000&nbsp;AD. The [[Golden Age]] of Florentine art began around this time. In 1100, Florence was a "[[Medieval commune|commune]]", meaning a city-state. The city's primary resource was the [[Arno|Arno river]], providing power and access for the industry (mainly textile industry), and access to the Mediterranean sea for international trade, helping the growth of an industrious merchant community. The Florentine merchant banking skills became recognised in Europe after they brought decisive financial innovation (e.g. [[bills of exchange]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/node/13484709 |title=Cradle of capitalism |date=16 April 2009 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613 |access-date=16 October 2016}}</ref> [[double-entry bookkeeping system]]) to medieval fairs. This period also saw the eclipse of Florence's formerly powerful rival [[Pisa]].<ref>defeated by [[Genoa]] in 1284 and subjugated by Florence in 1406</ref> The growing power of the merchant elite culminated in an anti-aristocratic uprising, led by [[Giano della Bella]], resulting in the [[Ordinances of Justice]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Peters |first=Edward |title=The Shadowy, Violent Perimeter: Dante Enters Florentine Political Life |date=1995 |journal=Dante Studies, with the Annual Report of the Dante Society |number=113 |pages=69–87 |jstor=40166507}}</ref> which entrenched the power of the elite guilds until the end of the Republic.