Editing Five Points, Manhattan (section)

==Riots==
The [[Anti-abolitionist riots (1834)|Anti-abolitionist riots of 1834]], also known as the Farren Riots, occurred in New York City over a series of four nights, beginning July 7, 1834. Their deeper origins<ref>Burrows, Edwin G.; Wallace Mike (1999). "White, Green and Black", in ''Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898''. pp. 542–562.</ref> lay in the combination of [[Nativism (politics)|nativism]] and [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionism]] among Protestants, who had controlled the city since the [[American Revolution]], and the fear and resentment of blacks among the growing numbers of Irish immigrants, who competed with them for jobs and housing.<ref group=note>In 1827, Great Britain repealed legislation controlling and restricting emigration from Ireland, and 20,000 Irish emigrated. By 1835, more than 30,000 Irish had arrived in New York annually.</ref> 

[[File:Dead Rabbit's Riot 1857 New York City.jpg|thumb|left|The 1857 [[Dead Rabbits Riot]] on Bayard Street, in the Five Points]]

The media designated a branch of the "[[Roach Guards]]", a violent Irish gang, "Dead Rabbits".  
The [[Dead Rabbits Riot]] began when one faction destroyed the headquarters of the [[Bowery Boys (gang)|Bowery Boys]] at 26 Bowery, on July 4, 1857. The Bowery Boys retaliated, which led to a large-scale riot which raged back and forth on Bayard Street, between [[Bowery]] and Mulberry Street. Rioting resumed on July 5. The Bowery Boys and the Dead Rabbits fought again in front of 40 and 42 Bowery Street (original buildings still extant in May 2017), erecting barricades in the street. On July 6 the Bowery Boys fought the Kerryonians (Irishmen from [[County Kerry]]) at Anthony and Centre Street. Historian Tyler Anbinder says the "dead rabbits" name "so captured the imagination of New Yorkers that the press continued to use it despite the abundant evidence that no such club or gang existed". Anbinder notes that, "for more than a decade, 'Dead Rabbit' became the standard phrase by which city residents described any scandalously riotous individual or group."{{sfnp|Anbinder|2001|pages=285–86}}

{{quote box |align = right|width=40%|quote =[[:wikt:brickbat|Brick-bats]], stones and clubs were flying thickly around, and from the windows in all directions, and the men ran wildly about brandishing firearms. Wounded men lay on the sidewalks and were trampled upon. Now the Rabbits would make a combined rush and force their antagonists up Bayard street to the Bowery. Then the fugitives, being reinforced, would turn on their pursuers and compel a retreat to Mulberry, Elizabeth and Baxter streets.|source= ''[[The New York Times|The New-York Daily Times]]'', July 6, 1857}}

As residents took advantage of the disorganized state of the city's police force, brought about by the [[New York City Police Riot|conflict between the Municipal and Metropolitan police]], gangsters and other criminals from all parts of the city began to engage in widespread [[looting]] and the destruction of property. The ''[[Daily National Intelligencer]]'' of July 8, 1857, estimated that between 800 and 1,000 gang members took part in the riots, along with several hundred others who used the disturbance to loot the Bowery area. It was the largest disturbance since the [[Astor Place Riot]] in 1849. Order was restored by the [[New York State Militia]] (under Major-General [[Charles W. Sandford]]), supported by detachments of city police. Eight people were reported killed, and more than 100 people received serious injuries.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1857-07-06|title=Rioting and Bloodshed; the Fight at Cow Bay. Metropolitans Driven from the 6th Ward|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1857/07/06/archives/rioting-and-bloodshed-the-fight-at-cow-bay-metropolitans-driven.html|access-date=2022-06-23|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Among the casualties of the riots was [[St. Philip's Episcopal Church (Harlem, New York)|St. Philip's Episcopal Church]], the first black Episcopal church in the city, then located at 122 Centre Street. It was sacked and looted by the white mob. <ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=St. Philip's Episcopalian Church |url=https://maap.columbia.edu/mbl_place/12.html |website= |location= |publisher= |access-date=}}</ref>