Editing First Italo-Ethiopian War (section)

== Outcome and consequences ==
{{Main|Treaty of Addis Ababa}}
The Italian telegraph lines brought news of the disaster to Italy and the world almost immediately. Italy was shaken by political crisis and popular demonstrations. Riots broke out in several Italian cities, and within two weeks, Crispi was forced to resign amidst Italian disenchantment with "foreign adventures".<ref name="vand5">{{harvnb|Vandervort|1998|p=164}}</ref> Soon after the battle, [[Menelik II]] later sent a message to [[Antonio Baldissera]] informing him that he would conclude peace if Italy publicly renounced their protectorate claim over Ethiopia. Baldissera agreed to accept only if Ethiopia agreed to not accept protection from any other European powers. At this Italian arrogance, Menelik broke off talks and withdrew his original offer. Upon returning to his capital at [[Addis Ababa]], Menelik secured the [[Treaty of Addis Ababa]] in October, which delineated the borders of Eritrea and forced Italy to recognize "absolutely and without any reserve" the independence of Ethiopia.{{sfn|Henze|2000|p=170}}

The Russian support for Ethiopia led to a Russian Red Cross mission, though conceived as a medical support for the Ethiopian troops it arrived too late for the actual fighting. The mission arrived in Addis Ababa some three months after Menelik's victory at Adwa.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.linkethiopia.org/guide/pankhurst/medicine/medicine_6.html |title=Ethiopia's Historic Quest for Medicine, 6 |publisher=The Pankhurst History Library |first=Pankhurst |last=Richard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003141829/http://www.linkethiopia.org/guide/pankhurst/medicine/medicine_6.html |archive-date=2011-10-03}}</ref> Owing to Russia's diplomatic support of her fellow Orthodox nation, Russia's prestige greatly increased in Ethiopia. The adventuresome Seljan brothers, [[Mirko and Stjepan Seljan|Mirko and Stjepan]], who were actually Catholic Croats, were warmly welcomed when they arrived in Ethiopia in 1899 when they misinformed their hosts by saying they were Russians.<ref>{{Cite journal |jstor = 41757592|title = The Seljan Brothers and the Expansionist Policies of Emperor Minïlik II of Ethiopia|journal = International Journal of Ethiopian Studies|volume = 5|issue = 2|pages = 79–90|last1 = Molvaer|first1 = Reidulf K.|year = 2010}}</ref>

Following this victory, the European powers moved rapidly to adjust relations with the Ethiopian Empire. Delegations from the United Kingdom and France—whose colonial possessions lay next to Ethiopia—soon arrived in the Ethiopian capital to negotiate their own treaties with this newly proven power. Quickly taking advantage of the Italian defeat, French influence increased markedly and France became one of the most influential European powers in [[Menelik II|Menelik]]'s court.<ref name="Marcus" /> In December 1896, a French diplomatic mission in Addis Ababa arrived and on 20 March 1897 signed a treaty that was described as "''véritable traité d'alliance''.<ref name="Marcus" /> In turn, the increase in French influence in Ethiopia led to fears in London that the French would gain control of the Blue Nile and would be able to "force English concessions to her own pretensions in Egypt".<ref name="Marcus" /> On the eve of the Battle of Adwa, two Sudanese envoys from the [[Mahdist State|''Mahdiyya'' state]] arrived at Menelik's camp in Adwa to discuss concentrated action against the Italians, in July 1896 an Ethiopian envoy was present at [[Abdallahi ibn Muhammad]]'s court in [[Omdurman]].<ref name="Marcus" /> The British, fearing that Menelik would support the Mahdist revolt, sent a diplomatic mission to Ethiopia and on 14 May 1897 signed the [[Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty of 1897]] where Menelik assured the British that he would not support the Mahdists and declared the Mahdists as the enemy of his country. In December 1897, [[Ras Makonnen]] led an expedition against the Mahdists to seize the gold producing region of [[Benishangul-Gumuz Region|Benishangul-Gumuz]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Oliver |first1=Ronald |title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 6 |page=663 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Milkias |first1=Paulos |title=The Battle of Adwa Reflections on Ethiopia's Historic Victory Against European Colonialism |date=2005 |publisher=B&T Database Management |pages=121 |isbn=9780875864150 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f71M3BC6TtIC&q=pg=PA118}}</ref>

In 1935, Italy launched a [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War|second invasion]], which ended in 1937 with an Italian victory and the annexation of Ethiopia to [[Italian East Africa]]. Ethiopia was occupied by Italy until the Italians were driven out in 1941 by the Ethiopian [[Arbegnoch]], patriots with assistance from the [[British Empire]] during World War II.<ref name=Stanton>{{harvnb|Stanton|Ramsamy|Seybolt|2012|p=308}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pankhurst |first=Richard |title=The Ethiopians: A History |publisher=[[BlackwellPublishers]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-631-22493-9 |edition=2nd |location=Great Britain |pages=243–249 |language=English}}</ref>