Editing First Council of Nicaea (section)

== Proceedings ==
Constantine opened the council with a formal entrance after the bishops arrived, with Eusebius describing him as "like some heavenly angel of God, his bright mantle shedding lustre like beams of light, shining with the fiery radiance of a purple robe, and decorated with the dazzling brilliance of gold and precious stones." He then gave an opening speech in Latin (rather than the Greek spoken by most of the attendees).{{sfn|Drake|2021|p=124}} Fifth-century church historian [[Socrates of Constantinople]] gives the date of the opening as 20 May 325, though it may have been later in June.{{sfn|Gwyn|2021|pp=96–97}}{{sfn|Barnes|1981|pp=215, 380}}

It is most likely that Hosius presided over the council's debates and proceedings as Constantine's representative.{{sfn|Gwyn|2021|p=98}}{{sfn|Hanson|1988|p=154}} Constantine did join in the debates of the council (in Greek), but did not see himself as a voting member as he was not a bishop.{{sfn|Gwyn|2021|p=98}} No detailed ''acta'' of the council exist as they do for later councils, so the exact sequence of the council's debates is uncertain.{{sfn|Hanson|1988|pp=157–158}} Church councils at the time were modeled after the proceedings of the [[Roman Senate]], with the presiding officer having a large degree of control, and participants speaking in turn based on hierarchy.{{sfn|Drake|2021|p=125}} Probably the first matter considered was the status of Eusebius of Caesarea and the other bishops excommunicated at Antioch, as this would determine whether they could participate in the rest of the council. According to Eusebius, his profession of faith was accepted and he was restored.{{sfn|Gwyn|2021|pp=99–100}} An account by Eustathius of Antioch records a statement of faith by a Eusebius being rejected by the council, though this was likely Eusebius of Nicomedia.{{sfn|Hanson|1988|pp=160–161}}

A statement of faith based on earlier creeds was drafted (possibly by a smaller committee), and each line was debated by the council. All but two bishops subscribed to the final form of the creed as adopted.{{sfn|Gwyn|2021|p=101}} In addition to the Arian question, the council also considered the calculation of Easter, and adopted the Roman and Alexandrian method over the objection of several eastern bishops.{{sfn|Gwyn|2021|pp=102–104}} The bishops also agreed to a resolution on the Melitian schism and issued twenty canons.{{sfn|Gwyn|2021|pp=104–108}} The council closed in the first weeks of July, with the bishops invited to attend Constantine's celebration of his twentieth anniversary on the throne on 25 July. Both the bishops and the emperor issued letters recounting the councils' decisions to be circulated throughout the empire.{{sfn|Gwyn|2021|pp=108–109}}