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==== Painting and drawing ==== {{Main|Painting|Drawing}} Painting as a fine art means applying paint to a flat surface (as opposed for example to painting a sculpture, or a piece of pottery), typically using several colours. Prehistoric painting that has survived was applied to natural rock surfaces, and wall painting, especially on wet plaster in the [[fresco]] technique was a major form until recently. Portable paintings on wood panel or canvas have been the most important in the Western world for several centuries, mostly in [[tempera]] or [[oil painting]]. Asian painting has more often used paper, with the monochrome [[ink and wash painting]] tradition dominant in [[East Asia]]. Paintings that are intended to go in a book or album are called "miniatures", whether for a Western [[illuminated manuscript]] or in [[Persian miniature]] and its [[Ottoman miniature|Turkish]] equivalent, or [[Indian painting]]s of various types. [[Watercolour]] is the western version of painting in paper; forms using [[gouache]], chalk, and similar mediums without brushes are really forms of drawing. Drawing is one of the major forms of the visual arts, and painters need drawing skills as well. Common instruments include: [[graphite]] [[pencil]]s, [[pen and ink]], [[ink]]ed [[brush]]es, wax [[color pencil]]s, [[crayon]]s, [[charcoal]]s, [[chalk]], [[pastel]]s, [[marker pen|markers]], [[stylus]], or various metals like [[silverpoint]]. There are a number of subcategories of drawing, including [[cartooning]] and creating [[comics]]. <gallery widths="170px" heights="170px"> The Garden of Earthly Delights by Bosch High Resolution.jpg|''[[The Garden of Earthly Delights]]''; by [[Hieronymus Bosch]]; {{circa|1504}}; oil on panel, {{Lang|es|[[Museo del Prado]]}} Creación de Adán.jpg|''[[The Creation of Adam]]''; by [[Michelangelo]]; 1508–1512; fresco;[[Sistine Chapel]] Miraj by Sultan Muhammad.jpg|[[Persian miniature]] of the [[Isra and Mi'raj|Mi'raj]] of the Prophet by [[Sultan Mohammed]], 1539–1543; [[British Library]] Fragonard - swing.jpg|''[[The Swing (Fragonard)|The Swing]]''; by [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]]; 1767–1768; oil on canvas; [[Wallace Collection]] </gallery>
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