Editing Ficus (section)

==Systematics==
With over 800 species, ''Ficus'' is by far the largest genus in the Moraceae, and is one of the largest genera of flowering plants currently described.<ref name = "Judd">{{cite book |last1=Judd |first1=W.S. |last2=Campbell |first2=C.S. |last3=Kellogg |first3=E.A. |last4=Stevens |first4=P.F. |last5=Donoghue |first5=M.J. |year=2008 |title=Plant Systematics: A phylogenetic approach |edition=3rd |location=Sunderland (Massachusetts) |publisher=Sinauer Associates |isbn=978-0-87893-407-2}}</ref> The species currently classified within ''Ficus'' were originally split into several genera in the mid-1800s, providing the basis for a subgeneric classification when reunited into one genus in 1867. This classification put functionally [[dioecious]] species into four subgenera based on floral characters.<ref name ="Weiblen" /> In 1965, [[E. J. H. Corner]] reorganized the genus on the basis of breeding system, uniting these four dioecious subgenera into a single dioecious subgenus ''Ficus''. [[Monoecious]] figs were classified within the subgenera ''[[Urostigma]]'', ''[[Pharmacosycea]]'' and ''[[Sycomorus]]''.<ref name="Corner-1965">{{Cite journal |last1=Corner |first1=E.J.H. |author-link1=E. J. H. Corner |year=1965 |title=Check-list of ''Ficus'' in Asia and Australasia with keys to identification |journal=The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=1–186 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43581709 |via=biodiversitylibrary.org |access-date=5 Feb 2014}}</ref>

This traditional classification has been called into question by recent [[phylogenetic]] studies employing genetic methods to investigate the relationships between representative members of the various sections of each subgenus.{{sfnp|Rønsted ''et al.''|2005}}<ref name="Weiblen">{{cite journal |last=Weiblen |first=G.D. |year=2000 |title=Phylogenetic relationships of functionally dioecious ''Ficus'' (Moraceae) based on ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology |url=http://geo.cbs.umn.edu/Weiblen2000.pdf |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=87 |issue=9 |pages=1342–1357 |access-date=2018-04-22 |doi=10.2307/2656726 |jstor=2656726 |pmid=10991904 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Herre">{{cite journal |last1=Herre |first1=E. |last2=Machado |first2=C.A. |last3=Bermingham |first3=E. |last4=Nason |first4=J.D. |last5=Windsor |first5=D.M. |last6=McCafferty |first6=S. |last7=Van Houten |first7=W. |last8=Bachmann |first8=K. |year=1996 |title=Molecular phylogenies of figs and their pollinator wasps |journal=Journal of Biogeography |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=521–530 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2699.1996.tb00014.x|bibcode=1996JBiog..23..521H }}</ref><ref name="Jousselin">{{cite journal |last1=Jousselin |first1=E. |last2=Rasplus |first2=J.-Y. |last3=Kjellberg |first3=F. |year=2003 |title=Convergence and coevolution in a mutualism: evidence from a molecular phylogeny of Ficus |journal=Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution |volume=57 |issue=6 |pages=1255–1269 |doi=10.1554/02-445 |pmid=12894934 |s2cid=1962136}}</ref>{{sfnp|Rønsted ''et al.''|2008}} Of Corner's original subgeneric divisions of the genus, only ''Sycomorus'' is supported as monophyletic in the majority of phylogenetic studies.{{sfnp|Rønsted ''et al.''|2005}}<ref name="Weiblen" /><ref name="Jousselin" /> Notably, there is no clear split between dioecious and monoecious lineages.{{sfnp|Rønsted ''et al.''|2005}}<ref name="Weiblen" /><ref name="Herre" /><ref name="Jousselin" />{{sfnp|Rønsted ''et al.''|2008}} One of the two sections of ''Pharmacosycea'', a monoecious group, form a monophyletic clade basal to the rest of the genus, which includes the other section of ''Pharmacosycea'', the rest of the monoecious species, and all of the dioecious species.{{sfnp|Rønsted ''et al.''|2008}} These remaining species are divided into two main monophyletic lineages (though the statistical support for these lineages is not as strong as for the monophyly of the more derived clades within them). One consists of all sections of ''Urostigma'' except for section ''Urostigma s. s.''. The other includes section ''Urostigma s. s.'', subgenus ''Sycomorus'', and the species of subgenus ''Ficus'', though the relationships of the sections of these groups to one another are not well resolved.{{sfnp|Rønsted ''et al.''|2005}}{{sfnp|Rønsted ''et al.''|2008}}