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Federico García Lorca
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==Assassination== Political and social tensions had greatly intensified after the July 1936 murder of prominent monarchist and anti-[[Popular Front (Spain)|Popular Front]] spokesman [[José Calvo Sotelo]] by [[Guardia de Asalto|Republican Assault Guards]] ([[Guardia de Asalto|Guardias de asalto]]).<ref>Zhooee,'' [[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', 20 July 1936</ref> García Lorca knew that he would be considered abhorrent by the rising [[Right-wing politics|right wing]] for his outspoken [[Socialism|socialist]] views.<ref name="Maurerxvii" /> Granada was so tumultuous that it had not had a mayor for months; no one dared accept the job. When García Lorca's brother-in-law, Manuel Fernández-Montesinos, agreed to accept the position, he was assassinated within a week. On the same day he was shot, 19 August 1936, García Lorca was arrested.<ref name="Gibson 1996 255">{{Cite book |last=Gibson |first=Ian |title=El assasinato de García Lorca |publisher=Plaza & Janes |year=1996 |isbn=978-84-663-1314-8 |location=Barcelona |page=255 |language=es}}</ref> It is thought that García Lorca was shot and killed by Nationalist militia<ref>{{cite book| last = Graham | first = Helen | title = The Spanish Civil War. A very short introduction| publisher = Oxford University Press| date = 2006| page = 28|isbn =978-0192803771| url = https://academic.oup.com/book/878}}</ref><ref>Beevor, Antony. ''Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939.'' Penguin Books. 2006. London. p. 100</ref> on 19 August 1936.<ref>Preston, Paul. ''The Spanish Civil War. Reaction, Revolution & Revenge.'' Harper Perennial. London. 2006. pp. 107–108</ref> The author [[Ian Gibson (author)|Ian Gibson]] in his book ''The Assassination of García Lorca'' argues that he was shot with three others (Joaquín Arcollas Cabezas, Francisco Galadí Melgar and Dióscoro Galindo González) at a place known as the Fuente Grande ('Great Spring') which is on the road between [[Víznar]] and [[Alfacar]].<ref>Gibson, Ian. ''The Assassination of Federico García Lorca.'' Penguin Books. London. 1983. p. 164</ref> Police reports released by radio station [[Cadena SER]] in April 2015, conclude that Lorca was executed by fascist forces. The Franco-era report, dated 9 July 1965, describes the writer as a "socialist" and "freemason belonging to the Alhambra lodge", who engaged in "homosexual and abnormal practices".<ref>{{cite web |last=López |first=Alexandro |title=Documents confirm fascists murdered Spanish poet Federico Garcia Lorca |date=30 April 2015 |website=World Socialist Web Site |access-date=21 March 2021 |url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2015/04/30/lorc-a30.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Cadena |last=Ser |title=Los documentos sobre la muerte de Lorca |date=22 April 2015 |access-date=21 March 2021 |url=http://cadenaser.com/ser/2015/04/22/album/1429728588_493577.html#1429728588_493577_1429729133}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=El Pais |title=Lorca murdered after confessing, says Franco-era police report |url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2015/04/23/inenglish/1429783994_803509.html |date=23 April 2015 |website=El Pais |access-date=21 March 2021}}</ref> Significant controversy exists about the motives and details of García Lorca's murder. Personal, non-political motives have been suggested. García Lorca's biographer, Stainton, states that his killers made remarks about his sexual orientation, suggesting that it played a role in his death.<ref>Stainton, ''Lorca: A Dream of Life''.</ref> Ian Gibson suggests that García Lorca's assassination was part of a campaign of mass killings intended to eliminate supporters of the Leftist Popular Front.<ref name="Gibson 1996 255" /> However, Gibson proposes that rivalry between the right-wing [[Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right]] (CEDA) and the fascist [[Falange Española de las JONS|Falange]] was a major factor in Lorca's death. At the time of his arrest, Lorca was hiding in the house of Luis Rosales, two of whose brothers were high-ranking [[Falange Española de las JONS|Falange]] members. Former CEDA Parliamentary Deputy [[Ramón Ruiz Alonso]] arrested García Lorca at the Rosales's home, and was the one responsible for the original denunciation that led to the arrest warrant's being issued. {{Quote box | width = 350px | align = right | salign = right | quote = <poem> Then I realized I had been murdered. They looked for me in cafes, cemeteries and churches .... but they did not find me. They never found me? No. They never found me. </poem> | source = From "The Fable and Round of the Three Friends", <br />''Poet in New York'' (1929), García Lorca }} It has been argued{{by whom|date=June 2024}} that García Lorca was apolitical and had many friends in both Republican and Nationalist camps. Gibson disputes this in his 1978 book about the poet's death.<ref name="Gibson 1996 255" /> He cites, for example, ''[[Mundo Obrero]]''{{'}}s published manifesto, which Lorca later signed, and alleges that García Lorca was an active supporter of the Popular Front.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibson |first=Ian |title=El assasinato de García Lorca |publisher=Plaza & Janes |year=1996 |isbn=978-84-663-1314-8 |location=Barcelona |page=52 |language=es}}</ref> García Lorca read out this manifesto at a banquet in honour of fellow poet [[Rafael Alberti]] on 9 February 1936. Many anti-communists were sympathetic to García Lorca or assisted him. In the days before his arrest, he found shelter in the house of the artist and leading [[FET y de las JONS|Falange]] member, [[Luis Rosales]]. Evidence suggests that Rosales was very nearly shot as well by the Civil Governor Valdés for helping García Lorca. Poet [[Gabriel Celaya]] wrote in his memoirs that he once found García Lorca in the company of [[Falangism|Falangist]] José Maria Aizpurúa. Celaya further wrote that Lorca dined every Friday with Falangist founder and leader [[José Antonio Primo de Rivera]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Arnaud Imatz, "La vraie mort de Garcia Lorca" 2009 40 La Nouvelle Revue d'Histoire, 31–34, at pp. 31–2, quoting from the Memoirs}}</ref> On 11 March 1937, an article appeared in the [[Falangist]] press denouncing the murder and lionizing García Lorca; the article opened: "The finest poet of Imperial Spain has been assassinated."<ref>Luis Hurtado Alvarez, Unidad (11 March 1937)</ref> Jean-Louis Schonberg also put forward the 'homosexual jealousy' theory.<ref>{{Cite book |title="Federico Garcia Lorca. L'homme – L'oeuvre" 1956 (Paris, Plon)}}</ref>
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