Editing Fayetteville, Arkansas (section)

==Geography==
{{quote box|width=20em|bgcolor=|align=right|quote=...yet I venture the assertion that nowhere in said country—or for that matter, in any part of the state—could be found a lovelier elevation, or a lovelier grove of graceful oaks, or a more commanding view, or, in fine, a spot better suited and adapted for the purposes designated than the one chosen for said University [of Arkansas] site and farm. |source= Noah Putnam Gates, first president of the University of Arkansas<ref>{{cite book |title=First Report of The Arkansas Industrial University |date=August 1873 |page=43 }}</ref> }}

===Topography===
[[File:OzarkRelief.jpg|left|thumb|The split between the [[Ozarks#Physiographic subregions|Springfield Plateau]] and the [[Boston Mountains]] is in the center of [[Washington County, Arkansas]], close to Fayetteville. The Boston Mountains is the rough, mountainous terrain south of Fayetteville and the more habitable Springfield Plateau contains the cities of [[Springdale, Arkansas|Springdale]], [[Bentonville, Arkansas|Bentonville]], and [[Rogers, Arkansas|Rogers]] to the north of Fayetteville.]]
Fayetteville is in the [[Boston Mountains]], a subset of the [[Ozarks]] which runs through Northwest Arkansas, southern [[Missouri]], and [[Eastern Oklahoma]].<ref>{{ cite journal |last= Branner |first= George C. |title= Mineral Resources of Benton, Carroll, Madison, and Washington Counties |publisher= Arkansas State Geologist |year= 1984 |location= Little Rock, Arkansas |orig-year=1940 |journal= County Mineral Report 2 |page= 2 }}</ref> The rocks of the Boston Mountains were formed when [[sandstone]]s and [[shale]]s were deposited on top of the Springfield Plateau during the [[Pennsylvanian (geology)|Pennsylvanian]] Period. In the Fayetteville area, following uplift during the [[Ouachita orogeny]], the sediments were eroded to expose the [[Mississippian age|Mississippian]] [[limestone]] formations of the Springfield Plateau, while south of Fayetteville the remaining deeply eroded Pennsylvanian sediments form the steep Boston Mountains.

Fayetteville is also the namesake of the [[Fayetteville Shale]], a [[geology|geological]] [[Formation (stratigraphy)|formation]] which has recently become an epicenter for natural gas extraction by [[hydraulic fracturing]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Fayetteville Shale: Map, News, Video |publisher=geology.com |url=http://geology.com/articles/fayetteville-shale.shtml |access-date=July 24, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711113300/http://geology.com/articles/fayetteville-shale.shtml |archive-date=July 11, 2011 }}</ref>

===Metropolitan area===
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|55.2|sqmi|km2}}, of which, {{convert|53.8|sqmi|km2}} of it is land and {{convert|1.4|sqmi|km2}} of it (2.59%) is water. The city is centrally located in [[Washington County, Arkansas]], along [[Interstate 49 (Arkansas)|Interstate 49]]/[[U.S. Route 71 in Arkansas|US Route 71]].<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990|archive-date=August 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824085937/https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It is the only [[Controlled-access highway|fully controlled access]] route through the area, which replaced the winding US 71 (now [[Arkansas Highway 471|US 71B]]) in the 1990s.<ref name="was">{{Cite map |publisher=Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department |cartography=Planning and Research Division |date=December 22, 2011 |title=General Highway Map, Washington County, Arkansas |url=http://www.arkansashighways.com/maps/Counties/County%20PDFs/WashingtonCounty.pdf |access-date=January 13, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525214428/http://www.arkansashighways.com/maps/counties/county%20PDFs/WashingtonCounty.pdf |archive-date=May 25, 2013 }}</ref> An interstate connection with [[Fort Smith, Arkansas|Fort Smith]] to the south and [[Kansas City, Missouri]], to the north has contributed to Fayetteville's growth. Fayetteville is bordered along the north by [[Springdale, Arkansas|Springdale]] and [[Johnson, Arkansas|Johnson]]. At times, this transition is seamlessly urban. Fayetteville is not bordered by towns to its south, instead opening up to scenic country along the [[Boston Mountains Scenic Loop]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Boston Mountains Scenic Loop - Boston Mountains, Arkansas |publisher= Explore Southern History |last= Cox |first= Dale |url= http://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/arboston1.html |access-date= January 13, 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130324015937/http://exploresouthernhistory.com/arboston1.html |archive-date= March 24, 2013 }}</ref> Past the rural communities of [[Greenland, Arkansas|Greenland]] and [[West Fork, Arkansas|West Fork]] is [[Devil's Den State Park]].<ref name="was" /> To the west is [[Farmington, Arkansas|Farmington]] along [[U.S. Route 62 in Arkansas|US Route 62]] and to the east of Fayetteville is undeveloped land in rural Washington County.<ref name="was" />

The [[Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area]] consists of three [[List of Arkansas counties|Arkansas counties]]: [[Benton County, Arkansas|Benton]], [[Madison County, Arkansas|Madison]], and [[Washington County, Arkansas|Washington]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses |publisher= Executive office of the President [[Office of Management and Budget]] |date= December 1, 2009 |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/bulletins/b10-02.pdf |page= 32 |access-date= January 13, 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170121004722/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/bulletins/b10-02.pdf |archive-date= January 21, 2017 }}</ref> The area had a population of 463,205 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] which increased to 546,725 by the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]] (an increase of 24.2 percent). Although the Metropolitan Statistical Area does not consist of the usual principal-city-with-[[suburbs]] geography, Fayetteville's adjacent communities include [[Elkins, Arkansas|Elkins]], [[Farmington, Arkansas|Farmington]], [[Greenland, Arkansas|Greenland]], [[Habberton, Arkansas|Habberton]], [[Johnson, Arkansas|Johnson]], and [[Wyman, Arkansas|Wyman]].

===Districts===

[[File:Mount Sequoyah and Fayetteville from University of Arkansas.jpg|right|thumb|Mount Sequoyah rises above Fayetteville on the city's eastern side]]
Fayetteville is entirely contained within [[Fayetteville Township, Washington County, Arkansas|Fayetteville Township]], as the township and city have identical boundaries. Although Arkansas generally does not use its [[civil township]]s for any governmental purpose, they are used for voting boundaries in some places.

Generally the part of Fayetteville west of I-49/US 71 is called west Fayetteville. Another prominent district is Uptown Fayetteville, which encompasses the scores of business and new homes near the [[Northwest Arkansas Mall]] in north Fayetteville. The [[University of Arkansas]] defines its own part of Fayetteville, with dozens of student apartments and restaurants located near [[University of Arkansas Campus Historic District|campus]]. The university's impact is also apparent along [[Arkansas Highway 471|College Avenue]], which contains hundreds of shops and restaurants. Northeast of campus are the [[Wilson Park Historic District]] and the [[Mount Nord Historic District]]. The [[Fayetteville Historic Square]] is the original city center of Fayetteville, and [[Dickson Street]] is the best-known entertainment district in Arkansas. Homes atop Mount Sequoyah in the eastern part of the city encircle Mount Sequoyah Retreat and Conference Center. There are old structures along the former [[Butterfield Overland Mail]] route, a stagecoach route to [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] now known as [[Old Wire Road]]. [[Arkansas Highway 16|Fifteenth Street]] forms the southernmost residential district of Fayetteville, with the Fayetteville Industrial Park to its east.

====Annexed communities====
Fayetteville has annexed six [[unincorporated area|unincorporated communities]] within its current corporate limits. Four of them are still listed as "populated places" by the [[USGS]] [[United States Board on Geographic Names|Board on Geographic Names]]. The other two are listed as "historical populated places." Annexations since 1870 are displayed on Fayetteville's website in the interactive maps section.<ref name="records">{{cite web|title=Land Records|url=http://gis.fayetteville-ar.gov/GISPage/LandRecords/|website=gis.fayetteville-ar.gov|access-date=August 24, 2016|ref=records|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825175751/http://gis.fayetteville-ar.gov/GISPage/LandRecords/|archive-date=August 25, 2016}}</ref> Fayetteville's second annexations took place in 1946 when it incorporated [[Fayette Junction, Arkansas|Fayette Junction]] and [[McNair, Arkansas|McNair]] into the city.<ref name="records"/><ref>{{cite web|title=McNair, Fayetteville, Fayetteville Township, Washington County, Arkansas, United States - Overview - Histopolis|url=http://www.histopolis.com/Place/US/AR/Washington_County/McNair|website=www.histopolis.com|access-date=August 24, 2016|date=January 12, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826100454/http://www.histopolis.com/Place/US/AR/Washington_County/McNair|archive-date=August 26, 2016}}</ref> [[Baldwin, Arkansas|Baldwin]] was added the next year, with [[Barbara, Arkansas|Barbara]] and Ruckers Grove being annexed in 1967. Fayetteville's most recent annexation occurred in 1982 when [[White Rock, Washington County, Arkansas|White Rock]] was added to the city limits.

===Climate===
Fayetteville has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa''). The city experiences all four seasons and receives cold air masses from the north; however, some of the [[Climate of the Arctic|Arctic]] masses are blocked by the higher elevations of the Ozarks. July is the hottest month of the year, with an average high of {{convert|88.7|°F|1}} and an average low of {{convert|69.4|°F|1}}.<ref name="NCEI" /> Temperatures above {{convert|100|°F}} are rare but do occur, on average, 3 times a year.<ref name="NCEI" /> January is the coldest month with an average high of {{convert|46.5|°F|1}} and an average low of {{convert|26.9|°F|1}}.<ref name="NCEI" /> Highs below {{convert|32|°F}} occur on average 10.4 times a year, with 0.6 nights per year dropping below {{convert|0|°F}}.<ref name="NCEI" /> The city's highest temperature was {{convert|111|°F|1}}, recorded on July 14, 1954. The lowest temperature recorded was {{convert|-24|°F}}, on February 12, 1899.<ref name="nws" />

Precipitation is weakly seasonal, with a bimodal pattern: wet seasons in the spring and fall, and relatively drier summers and winters, but some rain in all months. The spring wet season is more pronounced than fall, with the highest rainfall in May. That differs slightly from the climate in central Arkansas, where the fall wet season is more comparable to spring.
{{Weather box
|location = Fayetteville, Arkansas ([[Drake Field]]) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1949–present
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high F = 77
|Feb record high F = 87
|Mar record high F = 89
|Apr record high F = 93
|May record high F = 93
|Jun record high F = 101
|Jul record high F = 110
|Aug record high F = 110
|Sep record high F = 103
|Oct record high F = 96
|Nov record high F = 83
|Dec record high F = 78
|year record high F = 110
|Jan high F = 47.7
|Feb high F = 52.2
|Mar high F = 60.7
|Apr high F = 69.7
|May high F = 76.7
|Jun high F = 84.6
|Jul high F = 89.2
|Aug high F = 89.0
|Sep high F = 81.5
|Oct high F = 70.9
|Nov high F = 59.4
|Dec high F = 49.8
|year high F = 69.3
|Jan mean F = 36.4
|Feb mean F = 40.4
|Mar mean F = 48.4
|Apr mean F = 57.1
|May mean F = 65.3
|Jun mean F = 73.6
|Jul mean F = 77.9
|Aug mean F = 76.9
|Sep mean F = 69.0
|Oct mean F = 58.0
|Nov mean F = 47.3
|Dec mean F = 38.8
|year mean F = 57.4
|Jan low F = 25.1
|Feb low F = 28.5
|Mar low F = 36.1
|Apr low F = 44.5
|May low F = 54.0
|Jun low F = 62.6
|Jul low F = 66.5
|Aug low F = 64.9
|Sep low F = 56.5
|Oct low F = 45.2
|Nov low F = 35.3
|Dec low F = 27.8
|year low F = 45.6
|Jan record low F = −15
|Feb record low F = −20
|Mar record low F = 0
|Apr record low F = 17
|May record low F = 29
|Jun record low F = 41
|Jul record low F = 45
|Aug record low F = 45
|Sep record low F = 31
|Oct record low F = 17
|Nov record low F = 4
|Dec record low F = -14
|year record low F = −20
|Jan avg record high F = 68.1
|Feb avg record high F = 72.4
|Mar avg record high F = 79.3
|Apr avg record high F = 83.4
|May avg record high F = 87.2
|Jun avg record high F = 91.4
|Jul avg record high F = 96.9
|Aug avg record high F = 97.4
|Sep avg record high F = 92.2
|Oct avg record high F = 84.7
|Nov avg record high F = 75.4
|Dec avg record high F = 68.5
|year avg record high F = 98.6
|Jan avg record low F = 7.3
|Feb avg record low F = 10.9
|Mar avg record low F = 17.9
|Apr avg record low F = 27.6
|May avg record low F = 38.1
|Jun avg record low F = 51.7
|Jul avg record low F = 57.4
|Aug avg record low F = 54.4
|Sep avg record low F = 41.9
|Oct avg record low F = 28.6
|Nov avg record low F = 18.8
|Dec avg record low F = 11.6
|year avg record low F = 3.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 2.75
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.56
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.98
|Apr precipitation inch = 5.01
|May precipitation inch = 5.89
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.31
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.80
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.17
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.26
|Oct precipitation inch = 4.48
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.68
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.07
|year precipitation inch = 46.96
|Jan snow inch = 1.5
|Feb snow inch = 2.4
|Mar snow inch = 1.3
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.2
|Dec snow inch = 1.1
|year snow inch = 6.5
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 8.3
|Feb precipitation days = 7.7
|Mar precipitation days = 11.1
|Apr precipitation days = 10.3
|May precipitation days = 12.8
|Jun precipitation days = 10.4
|Jul precipitation days = 8.8
|Aug precipitation days = 8.4
|Sep precipitation days = 9.1
|Oct precipitation days = 9.8
|Nov precipitation days = 8.6
|Dec precipitation days = 8.0
|year precipitation days = 113.3
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 0.9
|Feb snow days = 0.9
|Mar snow days = 0.5
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.3
|Dec snow days = 0.7
|year snow days = 3.3
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name =nws/><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00093993&format=pdf
| title = Station: Fayetteville Drake FLD, AR
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = June 21, 2021
| archive-date = June 24, 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202122/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00093993&format=pdf
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}{{Weather box
|location = Fayetteville Experimental Station, Arkansas (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1892–present)
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = Yes
|Jan record high F = 76
|Feb record high F = 86
|Mar record high F = 96
|Apr record high F = 96
|May record high F = 95
|Jun record high F = 104
|Jul record high F = 111
|Aug record high F = 109
|Sep record high F = 105
|Oct record high F = 96
|Nov record high F = 90
|Dec record high F = 78
|year record high F = 111
|Jan high F = 46.5
|Feb high F = 51.2
|Mar high F = 59.1
|Apr high F = 69.0
|May high F = 75.9
|Jun high F = 84.1
|Jul high F = 88.7
|Aug high F = 86.6
|Sep high F = 81.4
|Oct high F = 70.9
|Nov high F = 58.6
|Dec high F = 49.6
|year high F = 68.6
|Jan mean F = 36.7
|Feb mean F = 40.6
|Mar mean F = 48.5
|Apr mean F = 58.1
|May mean F = 66.0
|Jun mean F = 74.8
|Jul mean F = 79.1
|Aug mean F = 78.1
|Sep mean F = 70.6
|Oct mean F = 59.4
|Nov mean F = 48.1
|Dec mean F = 39.7
|year mean F = 58.3
|Jan low F = 26.9
|Feb low F = 30.0
|Mar low F = 37.9
|Apr low F = 47.2
|May low F = 56.2
|Jun low F = 65.5
|Jul low F = 69.4
|Aug low F = 67.7
|Sep low F = 59.8
|Oct low F = 47.9
|Nov low F = 37.7
|Dec low F = 29.8
|year low F = 48.0
|Jan record low F = −23
|Feb record low F = −24
|Mar record low F = -11
|Apr record low F = 18
|May record low F = 28
|Jun record low F = 39
|Jul record low F = 48
|Aug record low F = 44
|Sep record low F = 29
|Oct record low F = 17
|Nov record low F = 5
|Dec record low F = -12
|year record low F = −24
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 2.57
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.31
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.74
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.51
|May precipitation inch = 6.01
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.68
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.59
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.44
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.53
|Oct precipitation inch = 4.05
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.99
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.86
|year precipitation inch = 46.28
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 6.3
|Feb precipitation days = 6.9
|Mar precipitation days = 7.3
|Apr precipitation days = 8.6
|May precipitation days = 11.1
|Jun precipitation days = 8.4
|Jul precipitation days = 7.2
|Aug precipitation days = 7.1
|Sep precipitation days = 7.1
|Oct precipitation days = 7.6
|Nov precipitation days = 6.7
|Dec precipitation days = 6.2
|year precipitation days = 90.5
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name =nws>{{cite web
| url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=tsa
| title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = June 21, 2021
| archive-date = September 17, 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120917053804/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=tsa
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name=NCEI>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USC00032444&format=pdf
| title = Station: Fayetteville EXP STN, AR
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = June 21, 2021}}</ref>
}}