Editing Farang (section)

==Regional evolution==
===South Asia===
In [[Bangladesh]] and [[West Bengal]], the modern meaning of ''firingi'' (ফিরিঙ্গি) refers to [[Anglo-Indian|Anglo-Bengalis]] or Bengalis with European ancestry. Most ''firingi''s tend to be [[Bengali Christians]]. Descendants of ''firingi''s who married local Bengali women may also be referred to as ''Kalo Firingi''s (Black firingis) or ''Matio Firingis'' (Earth-coloured firingis).<ref name="bpedia">{{cite book|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh|first=Shireen|last=Hasan Osmany|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chittagong_City|chapter=Chittagong City|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> Following the [[Portuguese settlement in Chittagong]], the Portuguese fort and naval base came to be known as Firingi Bandar or the Foreigner's Port. There are also places such as Firingi Bazaar which exist in older parts of [[Old Dhaka|Dhaka]] and Chittagong. The descendants of these Portuguese traders in [[Chittagong]] continue to be referred to as ''Firingi''s.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bangladesh Channel Services|title=Explore the wonders of Chittagong in Bangladesh|url=http://www.bangladesh.com/chittagong-division/chittagong/|access-date=11 July 2015|ref={{SfnRef|Bangladesh Channel}}}}</ref> The Indian [[biographical film]] ''[[Antony Firingee (film)|Antony Firingee]]'' was very popular in the mid-20th century and was based on [[Anthony Firingee]] – a Bengali folk singer of Portuguese origin. There is also [[List of rivers of Sundarbans|a river]] in the [[Sundarbans]] called Firingi River.

In [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ''phirangi'' (ఫిరంగి) means cannon, due to cannons being an import.

In [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] ''parangi'' (පරංගි) was used to refer to the [[Portuguese people]]. The poem [[:wikibooks:si:පරංගි_හටන|''Parangi Hatana'']] describes the [[Battle of Gannoruwa]].

In the [[Maldives]] ''faranji'' was the term used to refer to foreigners of European origin, especially the [[French people|French]]. Until recently the lane next to the Bastion in the northern shore of [[Malé]] was called Faranji Kalō Gōlhi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.maldivesroyalfamily.com/maldives_hilaaly.shtml |title=Royal House of Hilaaly-Huraa |access-date=2015-12-13 |archive-date=2021-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211025253/http://www.maldivesroyalfamily.com/maldives_hilaaly.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Southeast Asia===
[[Edmund Roberts (diplomat)|Edmund Roberts]], US envoy to [[Cochin-China]], [[Siam]], and [[Muscat]] in the early 1830s, defined the term as "[[Franks|Frank]] (or European)".<ref name="Roberts">{{cite book |last= Roberts|first= Edmund |title= Embassy to the Eastern courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat : in the U. S. sloop-of-war Peacock ... during the years 1832-3-4 |year= 1837|url= https://archive.org/details/embassytoeaster00unkngoog |orig-year= First published in 1837 |publisher= Harper & brothers |chapter= Chapter XIX 1833 Officers of Government
|access-date= March 29, 2012 |edition= Digital |quote= Connected with this department is that of the Farang-khromma-tha," Frank (or European) commercial board}}</ref> [[Black people]] are called ''farang dam'' ({{langx|th|ฝรั่งดำ}}; 'black farang') to distinguish them from whites. This began during the [[Vietnam War]], when the [[United States military]] maintained bases in Thailand. The practice continues in present-day Bangkok.<ref>{{cite web|first=Eromosele|last=Diana Ozemebhoy|title=Being Black in Thailand: We're Treated Better Than Africans, and Boy Do We Hate It |website=The Root |pages=1–2 |date=26 May 2015|url=http://www.theroot.com/articles/culture/2015/05/black_in_thailand_we_re_treated_better_than_africans_and_boy_do_we_hate.html |access-date=26 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529010433/http://www.theroot.com/articles/culture/2015/05/black_in_thailand_we_re_treated_better_than_africans_and_boy_do_we_hate.html |archive-date=29 May 2015 }}</ref>

In modern Thailand, the ''[[Royal Institute Dictionary]] 1999'', the official dictionary of Thai words, defines the word as "a [[white people|person of white race]]".<ref name= ridict>{{cite web | script-title = th:พจนานุกรม ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน พ.ศ. 2542 |trans-title=Royal Institute Dictionary 1999 | date = 2007 | access-date = 2014-04-05 | language = th | publisher = [[Royal Institute of Thailand]] | url = http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090303000030/http://rirs3.royin.go.th/dictionary.asp | archive-date = 2009-03-03 }}</ref> The term is also blended into everyday terms meaning "of/from the white race". For example,  varieties of food/produce that were introduced by Europeans are often called ''farang'' varieties. Hence, [[potato]]es are ''man farang'' ({{langx|th|มันฝรั่ง}}), whereas ''man'' ({{langx|th|มัน}}) alone can be any [[tuber]]; ''no mai farang'' ({{langx|th|หน่อไม้ฝรั่ง}}; "''farang'' [[Shoot (botany)|shoot]]") means [[asparagus]]; [[culantro]] is called ''phak chi farang'' ({{langx|th|ผักชีฝรั่ง}}, literally farang cilantro/[[coriander]]); and chewing gum is ''mak farang'' ({{langx|th|หมากฝรั่ง}}). ''Mak'' ({{langx|th|หมาก}}) is Thai for [[areca nut]]; chewing ''mak'' together with [[betel leaves]] ''(bai phlu)'' was a Thai custom. A non-food example is ''achan farang'' ({{langx|th|อาจารย์ฝรั่ง}}; "''farang'' professor") which is the nickname of an influential figure in Thai art history, Italian art professor [[Silpa Bhirasri]].<ref name = ridict />

''Farang'' is also the [[Thai language|Thai]] word for the [[guava]] fruit, introduced by [[Portuguese discoveries |Portuguese traders]] over 400 years ago.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dictionary.sanook.com/search/dict-th-th-pleang/%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87|title=ฝรั่ง คืออะไร แปลภาษา แปลว่า หมายถึง (พจนานุกรมไทย-ไทย อ.เปลื้อง ณ นคร)|website=dictionary.sanook.com|access-date=2018-12-15}}</ref>

''Farang khi nok'' ({{Langx|th|ฝรั่งขี้นก|translation=bird-droppings Farang}}), also used in [[Lao language|Lao]], is slang commonly used as an insult to a person of white race, equivalent to [[white trash]], as ''khi'' means [[feces]] and ''nok'' means bird, referring to the white color of bird-droppings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dictionary.sanook.com/search/dict-th-th-royal-institute/%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81|title=ฝรั่งขี้นก คืออะไร แปลภาษา แปลว่า หมายถึง (พจนานุกรมไทย-ไทย ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน)|website=dictionary.sanook.com|access-date=2018-12-15}}</ref>

In the [[Isan language|Isan]] Lao dialect, the guava is called ''mak sida'' ({{langx|th|หมากสีดา}}), ''mak'' being a prefix for fruit names. Thus ''bak sida'' ({{langx|th|บักสีดา}}), ''bak'' being a prefix when calling males, refers [[Pun|jokingly]] to a Westerner, by analogy to the Thai language where ''farang'' can mean both guava and Westerner.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://siamsmile.webs.com/isaan/isaan.html|title= Isaan Dialect|access-date= 28 December 2009|date= Dec 2009|publisher= SiamSmile|quote= SEE-DA สีดา BAK-SEE-DA บักสีดา or MAHK-SEE-DA หมากสีดา. Guava fruit; Foreigner (white, Western.) BAK is ISAAN for mister; SEE-DA สีดา, BAK-SEE-DA and MAHK-SEE-DA are Isaan for the Guava fruit.|archive-date= 16 March 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100316073018/http://siamsmile.webs.com/isaan/isaan.html|url-status= dead}}</ref>