Editing Ethnocentrism (section)

== Effects ==
A study in New Zealand was used to compare how individuals associate with in-groups and out-groupers and has a connotation to discrimination.<ref name=":6">{{cite journal |last1=Perry |first1=Ryan |last2=Priest |first2=Naomi |last3=Paradies |first3=Yin |last4=Barlow |first4=Fiona Kate |last5=Sibley |first5=Chris G. |title=Barriers to Multiculturalism: In-Group Favoritism and Out-Group Hostility Are Independently Associated With Policy Opposition |journal=Social Psychological and Personality Science |date=January 2018 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=89–98 |doi=10.1177/1948550617703169 }}</ref> Strong in-group favoritism benefits the dominant groups and is different from out-group hostility and/or punishment.<ref name=":6" /> A suggested solution is to limit the perceived threat from the out-group that also decreases the likeliness for those supporting the in-groups to negatively react.<ref name=":6" />

Ethnocentrism also influences consumer preference over which goods they purchase. A study that used several in-group and out-group orientations have shown a correlation between [[national identity]], consumer cosmopolitanism, [[consumer ethnocentrism]], and the methods consumers choose their products, whether imported or domestic.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zeugner-Roth |first1=Katharina Petra |last2=Žabkar |first2=Vesna |last3=Diamantopoulos |first3=Adamantios |title=Consumer Ethnocentrism, National Identity, and Consumer Cosmopolitanism as Drivers of Consumer Behavior: A Social Identity Theory Perspective |journal=Journal of International Marketing |date=June 2015 |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=25–54 |doi=10.1509/jim.14.0038 }}</ref> Countries with high levels of [[nationalism]] and [[isolationism]] are more likely to demonstrate consumer ethnocentrism, and have a significant preference for domestically-produced goods.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balabanis |first1=George |last2=Siamagka |first2=Nikoletta Theofania |title=A meta-analysis of consumer ethnocentrism across 57 countries |journal=International Journal of Research in Marketing |date=September 2022 |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=745–763 |doi=10.1016/j.ijresmar.2021.12.002 |url=https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/29265/3/body%20ethnocentrismJMR2.pdf }}</ref>