Editing Escherichia coli (section)

===Culture growth===
[[Image:e.coli-colony-growth.gif|thumb|200px|A colony of ''E. coli'' growing]]Optimum growth of ''E. coli'' occurs at {{convert|37|C}}, but some laboratory strains can multiply at temperatures up to {{convert|49|C}}.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fotadar U, Zaveloff P, Terracio L | title = Growth of ''Escherichia coli'' at elevated temperatures | journal = Journal of Basic Microbiology | volume = 45 | issue = 5 | pages = 403–04 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16187264 | doi = 10.1002/jobm.200410542 | s2cid = 44876092 }}</ref> ''E. coli'' grows in a variety of defined laboratory media, such as [[lysogeny broth]], or any medium that contains [[glucose]], [[Monoammonium phosphate|ammonium phosphate monobasic]], [[sodium chloride]], [[magnesium sulfate]], [[Dipotassium phosphate|potassium phosphate dibasic]], and [[water]]. Growth can be driven by [[aerobic respiration|aerobic]] or [[anaerobic respiration]], using a large variety of [[redox|redox pairs]], including the oxidation of [[pyruvic acid]], [[formic acid]], [[hydrogen]], and [[amino acid]]s, and the reduction of substrates such as [[oxygen]], [[nitrate]], [[fumarate]], [[dimethyl sulfoxide]], and [[trimethylamine N-oxide]].<ref name="Ingledew">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ingledew WJ, Poole RK | title = The respiratory chains of ''Escherichia coli'' | journal = Microbiological Reviews | volume = 48 | issue = 3 | pages = 222–71 | date = September 1984 | pmid = 6387427 | pmc = 373010 | doi = 10.1128/MMBR.48.3.222-271.1984 }}</ref> ''E. coli'' is classified as a [[facultative anaerobe]]. It uses [[oxygen]] when it is present and available. It can, however, continue to grow in the absence of [[oxygen]] using [[fermentation]] or [[anaerobic respiration]]. Respiration type is managed in part by the [[arc system]].  The ability to continue growing in the absence of [[oxygen]] is an advantage to bacteria because their survival is increased in environments where [[water]] predominates.<ref name="Tortora">{{Cite book|title = Microbiology: An Introduction| vauthors = Tortora G |publisher = Benjamin Cummings|year = 2010|isbn = 978-0-321-55007-1|location = San Francisco, CA|pages = 85–87, 161, 165}}</ref>