Editing Eos (section)

=== Proto-Indo-European dawn goddess ===
{{main article|h2éwsōs}}
[[File:Eos.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Eos (painting)|Eos]]'' by [[Evelyn De Morgan]] (1895)]]

All four of the aforementioned goddesses sharing a linguistic connection with Eos are considered derivatives of the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] stem ''*h₂ewsṓs'' (later ''*Ausṓs''), "dawn". The root also gave rise to [[Proto-Germanic]] ''*Austrō'', [[Old High German]] ''*Ōstara'' and [[Old English]] ''[[Ēostre]] / Ēastre''. These and other [[cognate]]s led to the reconstruction of a Proto-Indo-European dawn goddess, ''*h₂éwsōs''.<ref name=":4">{{cite book|last1=Mallory|first1=J.P.|last2=Adams|first2=D.Q.|title=The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordintroducti00mall|url-access=limited|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England|isbn=978-0-19-929668-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordintroducti00mall/page/n456 432]}}</ref><ref name=":5">[[Robert S. P. Beekes|R. S. P. Beekes]], ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 492.</ref>

In the Greek pantheon, Eos, [[Helios]] and [[Zeus]] are the three gods that are of impeccable [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]] lineage in both etymology and status, although the former two were sidelined in the pantheon by non-PIE newcomers.<ref name=":burk">Burkert, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=sxurBtx6shoC&pg=PA17 17]</ref> A common epithet associated with this dawn goddess is *''Diwós D<sup>h</sup>uǵh<sub>2</sub>tḗr'', the 'Daughter of [[Dyeus|Dyēus]]', the [[sky god]].<ref>{{harvnb|Mallory|Adams|1997|p=149}}; {{harvnb|Jackson|2002|p=79}}</ref> In [[Homer|Homeric tradition]] however, Eos is never stated to be the daughter of [[Zeus]] ({{lang|grc|Διὸς θυγάτηρ}}, {{grc-transl|Διὸς θυγάτηρ}}), as she is instead the daughter of the Titan [[Hyperion (Titan)|Hyperion]], who plays little role in mythology or religion. Rather, a commonly occurring epithet of hers is {{lang|grc|δῖα}}, ''dîa'', meaning "divine", from earlier ''*díw-ya'', which would have translated into "belonging to Zeus" or "heavenly".<ref>West, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXrJA_5LKlYC&pg=PA186 186]</ref>

[[File:L'Aurore MR 3243.jpg|thumb|right|''L' Aurore'', 1693 bronze statue of Eos by [[Philippe Magnier]] (1647–1715), on display at [[Louvre]] Museum, [[France]].]]

Eos's characterization as a lovestruck, sexual being who took many lovers is directly inherited from her PIE precursor.{{sfn|Kölligan|2007|page=107}} A common and widespread theme among Hausos's descendants is their reluctance to bring the light of the new day.{{sfn|Mallory|Adams|1997|pages=148–149, 161}}<ref name=":mlw"/> Eos (and Aurora) is sometimes seen as unwilling to leave her bed in the morning, while Uṣas is punished by [[Indra]] for attempting to forestall the day, and the Latvian [[Auseklis]] was said to be locked up in a golden chamber so she could not always rise in the morning.{{sfn|Mallory|Adams|1997|page=149}}

This Indo-European goddess of the dawn was often conflated and equated with [[Hemera]], the goddess of the [[day]] and daylight.<ref name=":brill">{{cite encyclopedia | last = Scheer | url = https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/eos-e330980 | first = Tanja | location = Rome | title = Eos | encyclopedia = [[Brill Publications|Brill's New Pauly]] | editor-first1 = Hubert | editor-last1 = Cancik | editor-first2 = Helmuth | editor-last2 = Schneider | translator = Christine F. Salazar | access-date = December 22, 2021 | publisher = Brill Reference Online | doi = 10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e330980 | date = 2006| s2cid = 246274316 }}</ref> Eos might have also played a role in Proto-Indo-European poetry.<ref name=":burk"/>