Editing Edge effects (section)

===Amazon rainforest===
One study estimated that the amount of [[Amazon Basin]] area modified by edge effects exceeded the area that had been cleared.<ref>{{cite journal
  | last = Skole
  | first = D. L.
  |author2=C. Tucker
  | title = Tropical deforestation and habitat loss fragmentation in the Amazon: satellite data from 1978-1988
  | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]]
  | volume = 260
  | issue =5116
  | pages = 1905–1910
  | year = 1994
  | doi =10.1126/science.260.5116.1905
  | pmid = 17836720  | hdl = 10535/3304
 | s2cid = 12853752
 | hdl-access = free
  }}</ref> "In studies of Amazon forest fragments, micro-climate effects were evident up to 100m (330ft.) into the forest interior."<ref name = "Corlett2011">{{cite book|last=Corlett|first=Richard, T|title=Tropical Rain Forests an Ecological and Biogeographical Comparison|year=2011|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The atrium, Southern Fate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ|isbn=978-1-4443-3254-4|pages=266–267|edition=Second|author2=Richard B. Primack}}</ref> The smaller the fragment, the more susceptible it is to fires spreading from nearby cultivated fields. Forest fires are more common close to edges due to  increased light availability that leads to increased desiccation and increased [[understory]] growth. Increased understory [[biomass]] provides fuel that allows pasture fires to spread into the forests. Increased fire frequency since the 1990s is among the edge effects that are slowly transforming Amazonian forests. The changes in temperature, humidity and light levels promote invasion of non-forest species, including [[invasive species]]. The overall effect of these fragment processes is that all forest fragments tend to lose native [[biodiversity]] depending on fragment size and shape, isolation from other forest areas, and the forest matrix.<ref name = "Corlett2011"/>