Editing ELIZA (section)

=== Eliza Effect ===
{{Main|ELIZA effect}}

The Eliza effect borrowed its name from ELIZA the chatbot. This effect is first defined in ''[[Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies|Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies: Computer Models and the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought]]''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hofstadter |first=Douglas R. |title=Fluid concepts & creative analogies: computer models of the fundamental mechanisms of thought |date=1995 |publisher=Basic Books |others=Fluid Analogies Research Group |isbn=978-0-465-02475-9 |location=New York, NY}}</ref> as humans’ assumption of which computer programs understand the user inputs and make analogies. However, it has no permanent knowledge but “handling a list of ‘assertions’.”

This misunderstanding can potentially manipulate and misinform users. When interacting and communicating with chatbots, users can be overly confident in the reliability of the chatbots’ answers. Other than misinforming, the chatbot's human-mimicking nature can also cause severe consequences, especially for younger users who lack a sufficient understanding of the chatbot's mechanism.