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===Biblical and Mishnaic Hebrew=== In [[Biblical Hebrew|Biblical]], [[Mishnaic Hebrew|Mishnaic]], and [[Medieval Hebrew]], like [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and other [[Semitic languages]], all nouns can have singular, plural or dual forms, and there is still a debate whether there are vestiges of dual verbal forms and pronouns.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Dual Personal Pronouns and Dual Verbs in Hebrew |author=Gary Rendsburg |s2cid=165915077 |journal=The Jewish Quarterly Review |series=New Series |volume=73 |issue=1 |date=July 1982 |pages=38–58 |doi=10.2307/1454459|jstor=1454459 }}</ref> However, in practice, most nouns use only singular and plural forms. Usually {{Script/Hebrew|־ים}} {{transliteration|he|-īm}} is added to [[grammatical gender#Objects and abstractions|masculine]] words to make them plural for example {{Script/Hebrew|ספר / ספרים}} {{transliteration|he|sēfer / səfārīm}} "book / books", whilst with [[grammatical gender#Objects and abstractions|feminine]] nouns the {{Script/Hebrew|־ה}} {{transliteration|he|-ā}} is replaced with {{Script/Hebrew|־ות}} {{transliteration|he|-ōṯ}}. For example, {{Script/Hebrew|פרה / פרות}} {{transliteration|he|pārā / pārōṯ}} "cow / cows". The masculine dual form is shown in pointed text with a pathach; in a purely consonantal text, masculine dual is not indicated at all by the consonants. The dual for (two) days is {{Script/Hebrew| יוֹמַ֫יִם}} with pathach under the mem. An example of the dual form is {{Script/Hebrew|יום / יומיים / ימים}} {{transliteration|he|yōm / yomạyim / yāmīm}} "day / two days / [two or more] days". Some words occur so often in pairs that the form with the dual suffix {{transliteration|he|-ạyim}} is used in practice for the general plural, such as {{Script/Hebrew|עין / עינים}} {{transliteration|he|ʿạyin / ʿēnạyim}} "eye / eyes", used even in a sentence like "The spider has eight eyes." Thus words like {{transliteration|he|ʿēnạyim}} only appear to be dual, but are in fact what is called "pseudo-dual", which is a way of making a plural. Sometimes, words can change meaning depending on whether the dual or plural form is used, for example; {{transliteration|he|ʿayin}} can mean eye or water spring in the singular, but in the plural eyes will take the dual form of {{transliteration|he|ʿenayim}} whilst springs are {{transliteration|he|ʿeynot}}. Adjectives, verbs, and pronouns have only singular and plural, with the plural forms of these being used with dual nouns.
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