Editing Dry ice (section)

===Commercial===
[[File:Ice cream cart - geograph.org.uk - 1485853.jpg|thumb|An ice cream cart]]

The most common use of dry ice is to preserve food,<ref name="Yaws 2001 p=125"/> using [[Refrigeration#Non-cyclic refrigeration|non-cyclic refrigeration]].

[[File:Dry ice in cup.jpg|thumb|right|Sublimation]]
[[File:Dry Ice in Water.jpg|thumb|Dry ice in water]]

It is frequently used to package items that must remain cold or frozen, such as ice cream or biological samples, in the absence of availability or practicality of [[Refrigeration|mechanical cooling]].

Dry ice is critical in the deployment of some vaccines, which require storage at ultra-cold temperatures along their supply line.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-vaccines-start-a-frenzy-for-dry-ice-its-like-a-herd-of-mustangs-11607007166?mod=hp_lista_pos5|title=Dry Ice Demand Swells as Covid-19 Vaccines Prepare for Deployment|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|first1=Jessie|last1=Newman|date=3 December 2020|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204082035/https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-vaccines-start-a-frenzy-for-dry-ice-its-like-a-herd-of-mustangs-11607007166?mod=hp_lista_pos5|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dry ice can be used to [[flash freezing|flash-freeze]] food<ref name=flashfreeze>{{cite web |url=http://www.airgas.com/content/details.aspx?id=7000000000103 |title=Cool Uses for Dry Ice |publisher=Airgas.com |access-date=2009-07-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201124708/http://www.airgas.com/content/details.aspx?id=7000000000103 |archive-date=2010-12-01 }}</ref> or laboratory biological samples,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.personal.psu.edu/dsg11/labmanual/DNA_manipulations/Comp_bact_by_RF1_RF2.htm |title=Preparing Competent E. coli with RF1/RF2 solutions |publisher=Personal.psu.edu |access-date=2009-07-25 |archive-date=2021-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923024451/http://www.personal.psu.edu/dsg11/labmanual/DNA_manipulations/Comp_bact_by_RF1_RF2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Carbonated water|carbonate]] beverages,<ref name=flashfreeze/> make [[ice cream]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Blumenthal|first=Heston|title=How to make the best treacle tart and ice cream in the world|newspaper=The Sunday Times|date=2006-10-29|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/food_and_drink/heston_blumenthal/article607734.ece?print=yes|access-date=2007-06-12|location=London|archive-date=2011-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629122523/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/food_and_drink/heston_blumenthal/article607734.ece?print=yes|url-status=dead}}</ref> solidify [[oil spills]]<ref>"Zapping Oil Spills with Dry Ice and Ingenuity" by Gordon Dillow Los Angeles Times South Bay section page 1 2/24/1994</ref> and stop [[ice sculptures]] and ice walls from melting.

Dry ice can be used to arrest and prevent insect activity in closed containers of grains and grain products, as it displaces oxygen, but does not alter the taste or quality of foods. For the same reason, it can prevent or retard food oils and fats from becoming [[Rancidity|rancid]].

When dry ice is placed in water, [[Sublimation (chemistry)|sublimation]] is accelerated, and low-sinking, dense clouds of smoke-like fog are created. This is used in [[fog machine]]s, at [[theater|theatre]]s, [[haunted house attractions]], and [[nightclub]]s for dramatic effects. Unlike most artificial [[fog machine]]s, in which fog rises like smoke, fog from dry ice hovers near the ground.<ref name="hsw">{{cite web|publisher = HowStuffWorks|title = How does dry ice work?|url = http://www.howstuffworks.com/question264.htm|access-date = 2009-07-26|date = April 2000|archive-date = 2009-07-17|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090717004221/http://www.howstuffworks.com/question264.htm|url-status = live}}</ref> Dry ice is useful in theatre productions that require dense fog effects.<ref>{{Harvnb|McCarthy|1992}}</ref> The fog originates from the bulk water into which the dry ice is placed, and not from atmospheric water vapor (as is commonly assumed).<ref>{{Cite journal|title = A Molecular Explanation of How the Fog Is Produced when Dry Ice Is Placed in Water|journal = Journal of Chemical Education|date = 2015-04-14|issn = 0021-9584|pages = 643–648|volume = 92|issue = 4|doi = 10.1021/ed400754n|first1 = Thomas S.|last1 = Kuntzleman|first2 = Nathan|last2 = Ford|first3 = Jin-Hwan|last3 = No|first4 = Mark E.|last4 = Ott|bibcode = 2015JChEd..92..643K }}</ref>

It is occasionally used to freeze and remove [[warts]].<ref>{{cite journal|title = Management of warts|author = Lyell A.|journal = British Medical Journal|volume = 2|issue = 5529|year = 1966|pages = 1576–9|pmid = 5926267|doi = 10.1136/bmj.2.5529.1576|pmc = 1944935}}</ref> However, [[liquid nitrogen]] performs better in this role, as it is colder, thereby requiring less time to act, and needs less pressure to store.<ref name=aa1317 /> Dry ice has fewer problems with storage, since it can be generated from compressed carbon dioxide gas as needed.<ref name=aa1317>{{Harvnb|Goroll|Mulley|2009|page=1317}}</ref>

In [[plumbing]], dry ice is used to cut off water flow to pipes to allow repairs to be made without shutting off water mains. Pressurised liquid CO<sub>2</sub> is forced into a jacket wrapped around a pipe, which in turn causes the water inside to freeze and block the pipe. When the repairs are done, the jacket is removed and the ice plug melts, allowing the flow to resume. This technique can be used on pipes up to 4&nbsp;inches or 100&nbsp;mm in diameter.<ref name="plumbing2">{{Harvnb|Treloar|2003|p=528}}</ref>

Dry ice can be used as [[bait (luring substance)|bait]] to trap [[mosquito]]es, [[Bed bug|bedbugs]], and other insects, due to their attraction to carbon dioxide.<ref>{{cite journal|title = Comparative effectiveness of three adult mosquito sampling methods in habitats representative of four different biomes of California|vauthors=Reisen WK, Boyce K, Cummings RC, Delgado O, Gutierrez A, Meyer RP, Scott TW |journal = J Am Mosq Control Assoc|volume = 15|issue = 1|year = 1999|pages = 24–31|pmid = 10342265}}</ref>

It can be used to exterminate rodents. This is done by dropping pellets into rodent tunnels in the ground and then sealing off the entrance, thus suffocating the animals as the dry ice sublimates.<ref>{{cite news|title = City Deploys Dry Ice To Exterminate Rats|newspaper = New York Daily News|url = http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/city-deploys-dry-ice-exterminate-rats-article-1.3857504|access-date = 2018-03-06|archive-date = 2018-03-06|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180306083332/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/city-deploys-dry-ice-exterminate-rats-article-1.3857504|url-status = live}}</ref>

Tiny dry ice pellets can be used to fight fire by both cooling fuel and suffocating the fire by excluding oxygen.<ref>"Could a Freeze Gun Put Flames on Ice" by Zantos Peabody Los Angeles Times local section B3 9/3/2002</ref>

The extreme temperature of dry ice can cause [[viscoelastic]] materials to change to [[Glass transition|glass]] phase. Thus, it is useful for removing many types of [[pressure sensitive adhesive]]s.