Editing Drum and bass (section)

===Influences===
A very obvious and strong influence on jungle and drum and bass, thanks to the [[British African-Caribbean community|British African-Caribbean]] [[sound system (DJ)|sound system]] scene, is the original Jamaican [[dub music|dub]] and [[reggae]] sound, with pioneers like [[King Tubby]], [[Peter Tosh]], [[Sly & Robbie]], [[Bill Laswell]], [[Lee "Scratch" Perry|Lee Perry]], [[Mad Professor]], [[Roots Radics]], [[Bob Marley]] and [[Buju Banton]] heavily influencing the music.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.planetdnb.com/dnb_interviews921.php |title=NJC–Sativa Records interview by Dhanu Le Noury at planetdnb.com |access-date=6 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510074142/http://www.planetdnb.com/dnb_interviews921.php |archive-date=10 May 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.tranzfusion.net/articles/shownews.asp?newsid=4873 | title = A Guy Called Gerald's Silent Drum & Bass Protest by Benedetta Skrufff at tranzfusion.net | access-date = 6 September 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060917100056/http://www.tranzfusion.net/articles/shownews.asp?newsid=4873 | archive-date = 17 September 2006}}</ref> This influence has lessened with time, but is still evident, with many tracks containing ragga vocals.

As a musical style built around [[funk]] or [[syncopation|syncopated]] [[rock and roll]] [[drum break|breaks]], [[James Brown]], [[Al Green]], [[Marvin Gaye]], [[Ella Fitzgerald]], [[Gladys Knight & the Pips]], [[Billie Holiday]], [[Aretha Franklin]], [[Otis Redding]], [[the Supremes]], the [[Commodores]], [[Jerry Lee Lewis]], and even [[Michael Jackson]] acted as funk influences on the music.<ref name="Fabio1">{{Cite web| url = http://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/TUTORS.9.0.html?act_session=291 | title = Red Bull Academy Interview Fabio – The Root to the Shoot| access-date = 4 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420131001/http://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/TUTORS.9.0.html?act_session=291|archive-date=20 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = http://www.breakbeat.co.uk/news/default.asp?newsID=1382 | title = Liquid V Show Us The Bigger Picture | publisher= breakbeat.co.uk| access-date = 6 September 2006}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rwdmag.com/articles/fullstory.php?&sid=&id=367 |title=Mike Bolton interview on rwdmag.com |access-date=6 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061025084047/http://www.rwdmag.com/articles/fullstory.php?&sid=&id=367 |archive-date=25 October 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.salon.com/ent/music/int/1999/09/28/everything/print.html |title=Being Everything But The Girl |work=Salon |date=28 September 1998 |access-date=26 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111114512/http://www.salon.com/ent/music/int/1999/09/28/everything/print.html |archive-date=11 November 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/1xtra/bailey/profile/ | title = Bailey profile |publisher= BBC| access-date = 6 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.404audio.com/?q=interviews&more=1&p=315 |title=Makoto interview |publisher=404audio.com |access-date=6 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061102024242/http://www.404audio.com/?q=interviews&more=1&p=315 |archive-date=2 November 2006}}</ref> [[Jazz]] pioneer [[Miles Davis]] has been named as a possible influence.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.breakbeat.co.uk/features/Illlogic&raf.html |title=Ill Logic & Raf interview |publisher=breakbeat.co.uk |access-date=6 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011213509/http://www.breakbeat.co.uk/features/Illlogic%26raf.html |archive-date=11 October 2006}}</ref> [[Blues]] artists such as [[Lead Belly]], [[Robert Johnson]], [[Charlie Patton]], [[Muddy Waters]] and [[B. B. King]] have also been cited by producers as inspirations. Even modern avant-garde composers such as [[Henryk Gorecki]] have received mention.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.techno.de/mixmag/97.09/Goldie.a.html | title = Goldie | first = Matthew | last = Collin | publisher = techno.de | access-date = 6 September 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120315014917/http://www.techno.de/mixmag/97.09/Goldie.a.html | archive-date = 15 March 2012 | url-status = dead }}</ref> One of the most influential tracks in drum and bass history was "Amen Brother" by [[The Winstons]], which contains a drum solo that has since become known as the "[[Amen break]]", which, after being extensively used in early hip hop music, went on to become the basis for the rhythms used in drum and bass.<ref name="Amen Break video on youtube.com" />

[[Kevin Saunderson]] released a series of bass-heavy, minimal techno cuts as Reese/The Reese Project in the late '80s, which were hugely influential in drum and bass. One of his more famous basslines (Reese – "Just Want Another Chance", Incognito Records, 1988) was indeed sampled on Renegade's ''Terrorist'' and countless others since, being known simply as the 'Reese' bassline. He followed these up with equally influential (and bassline-heavy) tracks in the UK hardcore style as Tronik House in 1991–1992. Another Detroit artist who was important to the scene was [[Carl Craig]]. The sampled-up jazz break on Craig's ''Bug in the Bassbin'' was also influential on the newly emerging sound. DJs at the [[Heaven (nightclub)|Heaven]] nightclub on "Rage" nights used to play it as fast as their [[Technics (brand)|Technics]] record decks would go, pitching it up in the process.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fabio|url=https://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/lectures/fabio-the-root-to-the-shoot|access-date=23 July 2021|website=redbullmusicacademy.com}}</ref>

By the late 1980s and early 1990s, the tradition of breakbeat use in hip hop production had influenced the sound of [[breakbeat hardcore]], which in turn led to the emergence of jungle, drum and bass, and other genres that shared the same use of broken beats.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.native-instruments.com/index.php?id=photek2_us |title=Photek interview |publisher=native-instruments.com |access-date=6 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060320042140/http://www.native-instruments.com/index.php?id=photek2_us |archive-date=20 March 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.planetdnb.com/dnb_interviews1196.php |title=MC XYZ interview at planetdnb.com |access-date=6 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510074154/http://www.planetdnb.com/dnb_interviews1196.php |archive-date=10 May 2006}}</ref> Drum and bass shares many musical characteristics with hip-hop, though it is nowadays mostly stripped of lyrics. [[Grandmaster Flash]], [[Roger Troutman]], [[Afrika Bambaata]], [[Run DMC]], [[Mac Dre]], [[Public Enemy]], [[Schooly D]], [[N.W.A]], [[Kid Frost]], [[Wu-Tang Clan]], [[Dr. Dre]], [[Mos Def]], [[Beastie Boys]] and the [[Pharcyde]] are very often directly sampled, regardless of their general influence.<ref name="Zinc">{{Cite web| url = http://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/TUTORS.9.0.html?act_session=242| title = Zinc interview – Hardware Bingo| publisher = Red Bull Academy| access-date = 4 September 2007| archive-date = 10 May 2010| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100510190649/http://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/video-archive/lectures/uidcall/242/| url-status = dead}}</ref>

Clearly, drum and bass has been influenced by other music genres, though influences from sources external to the [[electronic dance music]] scene perhaps lessened following the shifts from jungle to drum and bass, and through to so-called "intelligent drum and bass" and techstep.<ref>{{Cite web | url= http://www.nigelberman.co.uk/feature1_nov2002.htm | title= Goldie article | work= Insight | first= Nigel | last= Berman | year= 2002 | publisher= Nigel Berman | access-date= 6 September 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130123145756/http://www.nigelberman.co.uk/feature1_nov2002.htm | archive-date= 23 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.knowledgemag.co.uk/features.asp?ReviewID=1343&PageNumber=1&SectionID=1031 | title = LTJ Bukem | publisher = knowledgemag.co.uk | access-date = 6 September 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927043116/http://www.knowledgemag.co.uk/features.asp?ReviewID=1343&PageNumber=1&SectionID=1031 | archive-date = 27 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.020.com/webs/02006/london/showArticle_london.cfm?id=384 |title=History of drum & bass on London News |access-date=18 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206161209/http://www.020.com/webs/02006/london/showArticle_london.cfm?id=384 |archive-date=6 February 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.knowledgemag.co.uk/features.asp?ReviewID=1691&PageNumber=1&SectionID=1031 | title = Klute | publisher = knowledgemag.co.uk | access-date = 6 September 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070313005729/http://www.knowledgemag.co.uk/features.asp?ReviewID=1691&PageNumber=1&SectionID=1031 | archive-date = 13 March 2007}}</ref> It still remains a fusion music style.

Some tracks are illegally remixed and released on [[white label record]]s (technically bootleg), often to acclaim. For example, [[DJ Zinc]]'s remix of [[Fugees]]' "[[Ready or Not (Fugees song)|Ready or Not]]", also known as "Fugee Or Not", was eventually released with the Fugees' permission after talk of legal action, though ironically, the Fugees' version infringed [[Enya]]'s copyright to an earlier song.<ref name = "Zinc"/> White labels, along with [[dubplate]]s, played an important part in drum and bass musical culture.