Editing Doom metal (section)

== History ==
[[File:Iommi at the Forum.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Tony Iommi]]'s guitar style greatly influenced and defined doom metal.]]

=== Origins (late 1960s–1970s) ===
The first traces of doom in rock music could be heard as far back as [[the Beatles]]' 1969 track "[[I Want You (She's So Heavy)]]".<ref>Classic Rock Magazine, September 2014</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hart|first1=Josh|last2=Fanelli|first2=Damian|date=11 October 2015|title=The 50 Heaviest Songs Before Black Sabbath: #40-31|url=https://www.guitarworld.com/features/50-heaviest-songs-black-sabbath-40-31|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202901/https://www.guitarworld.com/features/50-heaviest-songs-black-sabbath-40-31|archive-date=24 April 2018|work=[[Guitar World]]}}</ref> [[Black Sabbath]] are generally regarded as the progenitors of doom metal.<ref name="Allmusic" /> Black Sabbath's music is (in and of) itself stylistically rooted in [[blues]], but with the deliberately doomy and loud guitar playing of [[Tony Iommi]], and the then-uncommon dark and pessimistic lyrics and atmosphere, they set the standards of early heavy metal and inspired various doom metal bands.<ref name=PhD/> In the early 1970s, both Black Sabbath and [[Pentagram (band)|Pentagram]] (also as side band "Bedemon") composed and performed this heavy and dark music, which would in the 1980s begin to be known and referred to as ''doom metal'' by subsequent musicians, critics and fans.<ref name="Bandcamp"/> Joe Hasselvander, Pentagram's drummer also cited bands like [[Black Widow (band)|Black Widow]], [[Toe Fat]][[Iron Claw (band)|, Iron Claw]], [[Night Sun]], and Zior as pioneers of the doom metal sound.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wiederhorn |first1=Jon |url=https://archive.org/details/louderthanhellde00wied |title=Louder Than Hell: The Definitive Oral History of Metal |last2=Turman |first2=Katherine |publisher=itbooks |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-06-195828-1 |location=New York |pages=103 |type=loan required |name-list-style=amp |via=the Internet Archive}}</ref>

Aside from Pentagram and Black Sabbath, other groups from the 1970s would heavily influence the genre's development. [[Blue Cheer]] is often hailed as one of the first [[stoner metal]] bands. Through the use of loud amplifiers and guitar [[Feedback (music)|feedback]], their debut ''[[Vincebus Eruptum]]'' created a template for other artists to follow.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2006/06/21/run-for-your-lives-blue-cheer-at-cbgbs/ |title=Music News, Videos, Photos, Artists, Playlists and More |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=21 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508144856/http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2006/06/21/run-for-your-lives-blue-cheer-at-cbgbs/ |archive-date=8 May 2009 }}</ref> [[Uriah Heep (band)|Uriah Heep]] released "Demons and Wizards" album include "Easy Living" in 1972.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uriah-heep.com/newa/heepstory5.php |title=Uriah Heep The Story: February 1972 – February 1975 |first= Kirk | last= Blows |publisher=Uriah Heep Official Website | access-date=7 February 2025 }}</ref> Though lacking the pessimistic lyrical content of their contemporaries, Welsh heavy metal band [[Budgie (band)|Budgie]] would also produce heavy songs which were amongst the loudest of their day, stylistically influencing various doom metal acts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/budgie-p12471/biography |title=Budgie |work=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=10 December 2012}}</ref> [[Led Zeppelin]]'s [[No Quarter (song)|No Quarter]] is considered as one of the earliest examples of a doom metal song made by a rock band.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popmatters.com/post/168442-the-album-remains-the-same-led-zeppelin-no-quarter|title=The Album Remains the Same: Led Zeppelin - "No Quarter"|date=18 February 2015|access-date=19 January 2016|first1=Brice|last1=Ezell|work=[[PopMatters]]}}</ref> Early doom metal was also influenced by Japanese [[psychedelic rock]] albums, such as Kuni Kawachi & Friends' ''[[Kirikyogen]]'' and [[Flower Travellin' Band]]'s ''[[Satori (Flower Travellin' Band album)|Satori]]''.<ref name="Satori">{{cite web| title = Review: Flower Travellin Band – Satori| work = Sputnikmusic| url = https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/56820/Flower-Travellin-Band-Satori/| access-date = 6 February 2016}}</ref> [[Bang (American band)|Bang]]'s 1971 self-titled debut is considered an important forerunner to doom metal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bang-mn0000786623 |title=Bang |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=10 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/u-s-70s-proto-metal-power-trio-bang-returns/ |title=U.S. '70s Proto-Metal Power Trio Bang Returns |date=6 January 2014 |website=[[Blabbermouth.net]] |access-date=1 August 2019}}</ref> Other notable groups include [[Sir Lord Baltimore]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/sir-lord-baltimore-p20555/biography |title=Sir Lord Baltimore |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=10 December 2012}}</ref> [[Buffalo (band)|Buffalo]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heavyplanet.net/2008/07/album-of-day-buffalo-volcanic-rock-1973.html |title=Heavy Planet Stoner Rock Blog: Album Of The Day-Buffalo-Volcanic Rock (1973) |access-date=10 December 2012}}</ref> [[Necromandus]],<ref name="Doomrigin">Christe (2003), pg. 345, "Beginning with the overlooked Lucifer's Friend and Necromandus in the early 1970s, doom crawled through the 1980s with Trouble, Witchfinder General, the Obsessed, Candlemass, Pentagram, and Saint Vitus, then into the 1990s with Cathedral, Sleep, and Burning Witch."</ref> [[Lucifer's Friend]],<ref name="Doomrigin" /> and [[Leaf Hound]].<ref name="Sleazegrinder 2007">^ Sleazegrinder (March 2007). "The Lost Pioneers of Heavy Metal". Classic Rock.</ref>

=== Development (1980s) ===
During the early-mid-1980s, bands from England and the United States<ref name="Allmusic" /> contributed much to the formation of doom metal as a distinct genre. In 1982, English pioneers [[Witchfinder General (band)|Witchfinder General]] released their debut album ''[[Death Penalty (album)|Death Penalty]]''. During 1984, two American pioneers also released their debuts—[[Saint Vitus (band)|Saint Vitus]] released their [[Saint Vitus (album)|eponymous album]] and [[Trouble (band)|Trouble]] released ''[[Psalm 9 (album)|Psalm 9]]''. That same year, American band [[Cirith Ungol (band)|Cirith Ungol]] (formed in 1971) released their second studio album, ''[[King of the Dead (album)|King of the Dead]]''—regarded by many as an early influence on doom.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://consequenceofsound.net/2019/03/northwest-terror-fest-2019-lineup/ | title = Northwest Terror Fest 2019 lineup: Pig Destroyer, Wolfbrigade, Cirith Ungol, and more to crush Seattle | access-date = 30 March 2019 | last = Kaufman | first = Spencer | work = Consequence of Sound | date = March 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.vcreporter.com/2018/10/out-with-a-bang-robert-garven-and-jarvis-leatherby-talk-frost-and-fire-iv-before-the-metalfest-takes-its-final-bow/ | title = OUT WITH A BANG &#124; Robert Garven and Jarvis Leatherby talk Frost and Fire IV before the metalfest takes its final bow | access-date = 30 March 2019 | last = Lackey Shaffer | first = Nancy D. | work = Ventura County Reporter | date = 4 October 2018 }}</ref> The following year, American band [[Pentagram (band)|Pentagram]] would go on to release their debut, ''[[Relentless (Pentagram album)|Relentless]]''. The Swedish [[Candlemass (band)|Candlemass]] would also prove influential with their first record ''[[Epicus Doomicus Metallicus]]'' in 1986, from which [[#Epic doom|epic doom metal]] takes its name.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ludwig |first1=Jamie |title=Swedish doom-metal pioneers Candlemass celebrate their epic sounds in Chicago |url=https://chicagoreader.com/music/swedish-doom-metal-pioneers-candlemass/ |website=[[Chicago Reader]] |date=18 April 2022 |access-date=21 December 2023}}</ref>

Some doom metal bands were also influenced by the underground [[gothic rock]] and [[post-punk]] scene of the 1980s, showing similarities with the dark themes addressed through lyrics and the atmosphere both music styles deal with. A doom metal band like [[Mindrot (band)|Mindrot]] was often described as a cross-over between [[death metal]] and gothic rock.