Editing Distributed computing (section)

==History==
The use of concurrent processes which communicate through message-passing has its roots in [[operating system]] architectures studied in the 1960s.<ref>{{harvtxt|Andrews|2000}}, p. 348.</ref> The first widespread distributed systems were [[local-area networks]] such as [[Ethernet]], which was invented in the 1970s.<ref>{{harvtxt|Andrews|2000}}, p. 32.</ref>

[[ARPANET]], one of the predecessors of the [[Internet]], was introduced in the late 1960s, and ARPANET [[e-mail]] was invented in the early 1970s. E-mail became the most successful application of ARPANET,<ref>{{harvtxt|Peter|2004}}, [http://www.nethistory.info/History%20of%20the%20Internet/email.html The history of email] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415220152/http://www.nethistory.info/History%20of%20the%20Internet/email.html |date=2009-04-15 }}.</ref> and it is probably the earliest example of a large-scale [[distributed application]]. In addition to ARPANET (and its successor, the global Internet), other early worldwide computer networks included [[Usenet]] and [[FidoNet]] from the 1980s, both of which were used to support distributed discussion systems.<ref name="BanksOnThe12">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1J78hiHKaPoC&pg=PT67 |title=On the Way to the Web: The Secret History of the Internet and its Founders |author=Banks, M. |publisher=Apress |pages=44–5 |year=2012 |isbn=9781430250746 |access-date=2018-07-20 |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120182450/https://books.google.com/books?id=1J78hiHKaPoC&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The study of distributed computing became its own branch of computer science in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The first conference in the field, [[Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing]] (PODC), dates back to 1982, and its counterpart [[International Symposium on Distributed Computing]] (DISC) was first held in Ottawa in 1985 as the International Workshop on Distributed Algorithms on Graphs.<ref name="TelIntro00">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vlpnS25qAJQC&pg=PA35 |title=Introduction to Distributed Algorithms |author=Tel, G. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=35–36 |year=2000 |isbn=9780521794831 |access-date=2018-07-20 |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120182450/https://books.google.com/books?id=vlpnS25qAJQC&pg=PA35 |url-status=live }}</ref>