Editing Dissociative identity disorder (section)

===General===
There are two competing theories on what causes dissociative identity disorder to develop. The trauma-related model suggests that complex trauma or severe adversity in childhood, also known as developmental trauma, increases the risk of someone developing dissociative identity disorder.<ref name="Blihar">{{cite journal |vauthors=Blihar D, Delgado E, Buryak M, Gonzalez M, Waechter R |date=September 2019 |title=A systematic review of the neuroanatomy of dissociative identity disorder |journal=European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation |volume=9 |issue=3 |page=100148 |doi=10.1016/j.ejtd.2020.100148 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Dalenberg-2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Dalenberg |first1=Constance J. |last2=Brand |first2=Bethany L. |last3=Gleaves |first3=David H. |last4=Dorahy |first4=Martin J. |last5=Loewenstein |first5=Richard J. |last6=Cardeña |first6=Etzel |last7=Frewen |first7=Paul A. |last8=Carlson |first8=Eve B. |last9=Spiegel |first9=David |date=May 2012 |title=Evaluation of the evidence for the trauma and fantasy models of dissociation |journal=Psychological Bulletin |volume=138 |issue=3 |pages=550–588 |doi=10.1037/a0027447 |pmid=22409505 }}</ref><ref name="Vissia-2016">{{Cite journal |last1=Vissia |first1=E. M. |last2=Giesen |first2=M. E. |last3=Chalavi |first3=S. |last4=Nijenhuis |first4=E. R. S. |last5=Draijer |first5=N. |last6=Brand |first6=B. L. |last7=Reinders |first7=A. A. T. S. |title=Is it Trauma- or Fantasy-based? Comparing dissociative identity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, simulators, and controls |journal=Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica |year=2016 |volume=134 |issue=2 |pages=111–128 |doi=10.1111/acps.12590 |pmid=27225185 |s2cid=4188544 |url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/is-it-trauma-or-fantasybased-comparing-dissociative-identity-disorder-posttraumatic-stress-disorder-simulators-and-controls(bd508f35-fe81-4454-9a12-f2eaa904a634).html }}</ref> The non-trauma related model, also referred to as the sociogenic or fantasy model, suggests that dissociative identity disorder is developed through high fantasy-proneness or suggestibility, roleplaying, or sociocultural influences.<ref name="Blihar" /><ref name="Dalenberg-2012" /><ref name="Vissia-2016" />

The DSM-5-TR states that "early life trauma (e.g., neglect and physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, usually before ages 5-6 years) represents a major risk factor for dissociative identity disorder."<ref name="American-Psychiatric-Association-2022" />{{rp|style=ama|p=333}} Other risk factors reported include painful medical procedures, experiences of [[war]], witnessing [[terrorism]], or being trafficked in childhood.<ref name="American-Psychiatric-Association-2022" />{{rp|style=ama|p=333}} <!-- DSM-5-TR p333 Risk and Prognostic Factors-->Dissociative disorders frequently occur after trauma, and the DSM-5-TR places them after the chapter on trauma- and stressor-related disorders to reflect this close relationship between complex trauma and dissociation.<ref name="American-Psychiatric-Association-2022" />{{rp|style=ama|p=329}}