Editing Disaster (section)

=== Others ===
''Complex disasters'', where there is no single root cause, are more common in [[developing country|developing countries]]. A specific hazard may also spawn a secondary disaster that increases the impact. A classic example is an [[earthquake]] that causes a [[tsunami]]. This results in [[coastal flooding]], damaging a [[nuclear power]] plant on the coast. The [[Fukushima nuclear disaster]] is a case in point. Experts examine these cascading events to see how risks and impacts can amplify and spread. This is particularly important given the increase in [[climate risk]]s.<ref name=":10">Ara Begum, R., R. Lempert, E. Ali, T.A. Benjaminsen, T. Bernauer, W. Cramer, X. Cui, K. Mach, G. Nagy, N.C. Stenseth, R. Sukumar, and P. Wester, 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter01.pdf Chapter 1: Point of Departure and Key Concepts]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 121–196, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.003.</ref>{{rp|143–145}}

Some researchers distinguish between ''recurring events'' like seasonal flooding and ''unpredictable one-off events''.<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=L. Bull-Kamanga |author2=K. Diagne |author3=A. Lavell |author4=E. Leon |author5=F. Lerise |author6=H. MacGregor |author7=A. Maskrey |author8=M. Meshack |author9=M. Pelling |date=1 April 2003 |title=From everyday hazards to disasters: the accumulation of risk in urban areas |journal=Environment and Urbanization |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=193–204 |bibcode=2003EnUrb..15..193B |doi=10.1177/095624780301500109 |issn=0956-2478 |s2cid=17439273}}</ref> Recurring events often carry an estimate of how often they occur. Experts call this the [[return period]].