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===Influence of the Septuagint=== Deuterocanonical and Apocryphal books included in the Septuagint are: {| class="toccolours" cellspacing="0px" style="width:75%; margin:auto; clear:center; text-align:left; font-size:85%;" |- style="vertical-align:bottom; font-weight:bold;" | style="border-bottom:2px groove #aaa; "| Greek name<ref name="Jobes and Silva">{{cite book |author=[[Karen H. Jobes]] and [[Moises Silva]] |title=Invitation to the Septuagint |year=2001 |publisher=[[Paternoster Press]] | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OysSAQAAIAAJ |isbn=1842270613}}</ref><ref name="McLay">Timothy McLay, ''The Use of the Septuagint in New Testament Research {{ISBN|0802860915}}.''—The current standard introduction on the NT & LXX.</ref> | style="border-bottom:2px groove #aaa; "|Transliteration | style="border-bottom:2px groove #aaa; "|English name |- !colspan=3|Deuterocanonical for the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Churches |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Τωβίτ}}{{Efn|Also called {{lang|grc|Τωβείτ}} or {{lang|grc|Τωβίθ}} in some sources.|name=Τωβείτ|group=}}|| {{transliteration|grc|Tōbit}}{{Efn|Also called {{transliteration|grc|Tōbeit}} or {{transliteration|grc|Tōbith}}|name=Tōbeit|group=}}|| Tobit or Tobias |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Ἰουδίθ}} || {{transliteration|grc|Ioudith}} || Judith |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Ἐσθήρ}} || {{transliteration|grc|Esthēr}} || Esther with additions |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Μακκαβαίων Αʹ}} || {{transliteration|grc|1 Makkabaiōn}} || [[1 Maccabees]] |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Μακκαβαίων Βʹ}} || {{transliteration|grc|2 Makkabaiōn}} || [[2 Maccabees]] |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Σοφία Σαλoμῶντος}} || {{transliteration|grc|Sophia Salomōntos}} || Wisdom or Wisdom of Solomon |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Σοφία Ἰησοῦ Σειράχ}} || {{transliteration|grc|Sophia Iēsou Seirach}} || [[Book of Sirach|Sirach or Ecclesiasticus]] |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Βαρούχ}} || {{transliteration|grc|Barouch}} || Baruch |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Ἐπιστολὴ Ἰερεμίου}} || {{transliteration|grc|Epistolē Ieremiou}} || [[Epistle of Jeremiah]] |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Δανιήλ}} || {{transliteration|grc|Daniēl}} || Daniel with additions |- !colspan=3|Deuterocanonical for the Eastern Orthodox Churches{{Efn|The canon of the original Old Greek LXX is disputed. Eastern Orthodox Churches consider some of the following books as deuterocanonical.|name=canon|group=}} |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Προσευχὴ Μανασσῆ}} || {{transliteration|grc|Proseuchē Manassē}} || [[Prayer of Manasseh]] |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Ἔσδρας Αʹ}} || {{transliteration|grc|1 Esdras}} || [[1 Esdras]] |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Μακκαβαίων Γʹ}} || {{transliteration|grc|3 Makkabaiōn}} || [[3 Maccabees]] |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Μακκαβαίων Δ' Παράρτημα}} || {{transliteration|grc|4 Makkabaiōn}} || [[4 Maccabees]] |- | style="text-indent:1em"|{{lang|grc|Ψαλμός ΡΝΑʹ}} || {{transliteration|grc|Psalmos 151}} || [[Psalm 151]] |- | colspan="3" |'''Apocrypha''' |- | style="text-indent:1em" |{{lang|grc|Ψαλμοί Σαλoμῶντος}}|| {{transliteration|grc|Psalmoi Salomōntos}} ||[[Psalms of Solomon]] |- |} The large majority of Old Testament references in the [[New Testament]] are taken from the [[Koine Greek]] [[Septuagint]] (LXX), editions of which include the deuterocanonical books, as well as apocrypha – both of which are called collectively {{transliteration|grc|anagignoskomena}} ("readable, worthy of reading").<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vassiliadis|first=Petros|title=Inspiration, Canon and Authority of Scripture: An Orthodox Hermeneutical Perspective |url=http://users.auth.gr/~pv/inspiration.htm|access-date=2020-06-20|website=users.auth.gr}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=March 2018}} No two Septuagint codices contain the same apocrypha.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ellis|first1=E. E.|title=The Old Testament in Early Christianity|date=1992|publisher=Baker|page=34|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=978VyfpZy7YC&q=E.+E.+Ellis%2C+The+Old+Testament+in+Early+Christianity&pg=PA78|access-date=4 November 2014|isbn=978-3161456602}}</ref> Greek Psalm manuscripts from the fifth century contain three New Testament "psalms": the [[Magnificat]], the [[Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)|Benedictus]], the [[Nunc dimittis]] from Luke's birth narrative, and the conclusion of the hymn that begins with the "Gloria in Excelsis".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hengel|first1=Martin|title=The Septuagint as Christian Scripture|date=2004|publisher=Baker|pages=58–59|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LUmGZ0NiweAC&q=wishes+to+be+a+Christian+book|isbn=978-0567082879}}</ref> [[Roger T. Beckwith|Beckwith]] states that manuscripts of anything like the capacity of Codex Alexandrinus were not used in the first centuries of the Christian era, and believes that the comprehensive codices of the Septuagint, which start appearing in the 4th century AD, are all of Christian origin.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Beckwith|first1=Roger|author-link=Roger T. Beckwith|title=The Old Testament Canon of the New Testament Church|date=1986|publisher=Eerdmans|location=Grand Rapids, MI|page=382}}</ref> In the New Testament, Hebrews 11:35 is understood by some as referring to an event that was recorded in one of the deuterocanonical books, [[2 Maccabees]].<ref name="Akin">{{citation |url=https://www.ewtn.com/library/ANSWERS/DEUTEROS.HTM |title=Defending the Deuterocanonicals |author=James Akin |author-link=Jimmy Akin |publisher=[[EWTN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108215933/https://www.ewtn.com/library/ANSWERS/DEUTEROS.HTM |archive-date=8 January 2019 }}</ref> For instance, the author of Hebrews references oral{{Citation needed|date=March 2016}} tradition which spoke of an Old Testament prophet who was sawn in half in Hebrews 11:37, two verses after the 2nd Maccabees reference. Other New Testament authors such as Paul also reference or quote period literature.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Copan|first1=Paul|last2=Litwak|first2=Kenneth D.|title=The Gospel in the Marketplace of Ideas Paulþs Mars Hill Experience for Our Pluralistic World|date=2014|publisher=Intervarsity Pr|isbn=978-0830840434|page=131}}<!--|access-date=11 March 2016--></ref>
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