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=== Asymptotic expansion in terms of Bell numbers === An asymptotic expansion for the number of [[derangements]] in terms of [[Bell numbers]] is as follows: <math display="block">!n = \frac{n!}{e} + \sum_{k=1}^m \left(-1\right)^{n+k-1}\frac{B_k}{n^k} + O\left(\frac{1}{n^{m+1}}\right),</math> where <math>m</math> is any fixed positive integer, and <math>B_k</math> denotes the <math>k</math>-th [[Bell number]]. Moreover, the constant implied by the [[big O notation|big O]]-term does not exceed <math>B_{m+1}</math>.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Hassani | first = Mehdi | year = 2020 | title = Derangements and Alternating Sum of Permutations by Integration | journal = [[Journal of Integer Sequences]] | volume = 23 | at = Article 20.7.8 | no-pp=yes | url = https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/journals/JIS/VOL23/Hassani/hassani5.html }}</ref>
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