Editing Demographics of Algeria (section)

==Ethnic groups==
{{Main|Ethnic groups in Algeria}}{{Pie chart|caption=Ethnic groups in Algeria<ref name="britannica.com"/>|label1=[[Arabs]]|color1=DarkGreen|label2=[[Berbers]]|color2=Yellow|label3=[[Arabized Berber]]s|color3=Red|label4=Others|color4=LightBlue|value1=73.6|value2=23.2|value3=3|value4=0.2}}
[[Arabs]] make up 73.6% of the population of Algeria, [[Berbers]] make up 23.2%, [[Arabized Berber]]s make up 3%, and others  constitute 0.2%.<ref name="britannica.com"/> [[Phoenicians]], [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], [[Byzantine Greeks|Byzantines]], [[Arab people|Arabs]], [[Turkish people|Turks]] as well as other ethnic groups have contributed to the [[ethnic]] makeup and genetic structure of the Algerian population.<ref>{{cite web|author=UNESCO |year=2009 |title=Diversité et interculturalité en Algérie |url=http://rabat.unesco.org/IMG/pdf/Diversite_InterculturalitAlgerie.pdf |publisher=UNESCO |page=9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725111743/http://rabat.unesco.org/IMG/pdf/Diversite_InterculturalitAlgerie.pdf |archive-date=25 July 2013 }}</ref> Descendants of [[Al-Andalus|Andalusian]] refugees are also present in the population of Algiers and other cities.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WIRWgrbE_fEC&pg=PA22 |title=Modern Algeria&nbsp;– The Origins and Development of a Nation |page=22 |author=Ruedy, John Douglas |publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=9780253217820|year=2005}}</ref> Moreover, [[Spanish language|Spanish]] was spoken by these [[Aragon]]ese and [[Castilian people|Castillian]] [[Moriscos|Morisco]] descendants deep into the 18th century, and even [[Catalan language|Catalan]] was spoken at the same time by [[Catalonia|Catalan]] [[Moriscos|Morisco]] descendants in the small town of Grish El-Oued.<ref>{{cite book|last=De Epalza|first=Mikel|title=El español hablado en Túnez por los moriscos (siglos XVII-XVIII)|year=2011|publisher=Universitat de València|pages=32–38–39–444|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D7_VKzdSIzwC|isbn=9788437084152}}</ref>

[[File:Algerians in traditional costumes.jpg|thumb|left|Algerian women in traditional clothes]]

The Arab population of Algeria is a result of the inflow of sedentary and nomadic Arab tribes from [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] since the [[Muslim conquest of the Maghreb]] in the 7th century with a major wave in the 11th century.<ref name="stearns">{{cite book |last1=Stearns |first1=Peter N. |title=The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged |last2=Leonard Langer |first2=William |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-395-65237-4 |edition=6 |pages=129–131}}</ref> The majority of Algerians identify with an Arab-based identity due to the 20th century [[Arab nationalism]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Stokes|first=Jamie|title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East: L to Z|year=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|page=21|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA21|isbn=978-1-4381-2676-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Oxford Business Group|title=The Report: Algeria 2011|year=2011|publisher=Oxford Business Group|page=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uSGzIPz8cYIC|isbn=978-1-907065-37-8}}</ref> The ethnic Berbers are divided into many groups with varying languages. The largest of these are the [[Kabyle people|Kabyles]], who live in the [[Kabylia]] region east of Algiers, the [[Chaoui people|Chaoui]] of North-East Algeria, the [[Tuareg people|Tuaregs]] in the southern desert and the [[Chenouas|Shenwa people]] of North Algeria.<ref>{{cite book|last=Marion Mill Preminger|title=The sands of Tamanrasset: the story of Charles de Foucauld|year=1961|publisher=Hawthorn Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfCfAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>{{page needed|date=February 2013}}

During the colonial period, there was a large (15% in 1960)<ref name="Cook">{{Cite book | author=Cook, Bernard A. | title=Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia | year=2001 | publisher=Garland | location=New York | isbn=978-0-8153-4057-7 | page=398}}</ref> [[Ethnic groups in Europe|European]] population who became known as ''[[Pied-Noir]]s''. They were primarily of French, [[Spanish people|Spanish]] and [[Italian Algerians|Italian origin]]. Almost all of this population left during the war of independence or immediately after its end.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N8VHizsqaH0C&pg=PA25 |title=Migration and Development Co-Operation |page=25 |author=De Azevedo, Raimond Cagiano |publisher=Council of Europe|isbn=9789287126115|year=1994}}</ref>

=== Genetics ===
{{further|Genetic history of North Africa}}

==== Y-DNA frequencies in coastal Algeria ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 75%;"
! Population
! Nb
! E1a
! [[Haplogroup E-V38|E1b1a]]
! E1b1b1a
! E1b1b1b
! E1b1b1c
! F
! K
! J1
! [[Haplogroup J-M172|J2]]
! R1a
! [[Haplogroup R1b|R1b]]
! Q
! Study
|-
| 1 [[Oran]]||102||0||7.85%||5.90%||45.10%||0||0||0||22.50%||4.90%||1%||11.80%||1%||Robino et al. (2008)<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|pmid=17909833|year=2008|last1=Robino|first1=C|title=Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups and STR haplotypes in an Algerian population sample|journal=International Journal of Legal Medicine|volume=122|issue=3|pages=251–5|last2=Crobu|first2=F|last3=Di Gaetano|first3=C|last4=Bekada|first4=A|last5=Benhamamouch|first5=S|last6=Cerutti|first6=N|last7=Piazza|first7=A|last8=Inturri|first8=S|last9=Torre|first9=C|doi=10.1007/s00414-007-0203-5|s2cid=11556974}}</ref>
|-
| 2 [[Algiers]]||35||2.85%||0||11.40%||42.85%||0||11.80%||2.85%||22.85%||5.70%||0||0||0||Arredi et al. (2004)<ref name=":1">Arredi et al. (2004),[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1216069/ A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa ]</ref>
|-
| 3 [[Tizi Ouzou]]||19||0||0||0||47.35%||10.50%||10.50%||0||15.80%||0||0||15.80%||0||Arredi et al. (2004)
|-
|-
|  Total||156||0.65%||5.10%||6.40%||44.90%||1.30%||9.58%||0.65%||21.80%||4.50%||0.65%||9.60%||0.65%||
|-
|}

In a recent genetic study by Semino et al. (2004), the [[Haplogroup J-M267|Haplogroup J1]] associated with the diffusion of Arabs was found at 35% in [[Algeria]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Semino |first1=Ornella |last2=Magri |first2=Chiara |last3=Benuzzi |first3=Giorgia |last4=Lin |first4=Alice A. |last5=Al-Zahery |first5=Nadia |last6=Battaglia |first6=Vincenza |last7=Maccioni |first7=Liliana |last8=Triantaphyllidis |first8=Costas |last9=Shen |first9=Peidong |last10=Oefner |first10=Peter J. |last11=Zhivotovsky |first11=Lev A. |last12=King |first12=Roy |last13=Torroni |first13=Antonio |last14=Cavalli-Sforza |first14=L. Luca |last15=Underhill |first15=Peter A. |date=May 2004 |title=Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=74 |issue=5 |pages=1023–1034 |doi=10.1086/386295 |issn=0002-9297 |pmc=1181965 |pmid=15069642}}</ref><ref name=":2">Semino et al. (2004), [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p1023-1034.pdf Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709064219/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p1023-1034.pdf|date=2011-07-09}}</ref> which is one of the most common haplogroups in Algeria, like the rest of the [[Maghreb]], along with [[Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA)|E1b1b]].

Recent studies on the common J1 Y chromosome suggest it arrived over 10,000 years ago in North Africa, and M81/E3b2 is a Y chromosome specific to North African ancestry, dating to the [[Neolithic]]. A thorough study by Arredi et al. (2004) which analyzed populations from Algeria concludes that the North African pattern of Y-chromosomal variation (including both E3b2 and J haplogroups is largely of Neolithic origin, which suggests that the Neolithic transition in this part of the world was accompanied by demic diffusion of Afro-Asiatic–speaking pastoralists from the [[Middle East]]. This Neolithic origin was later confirmed by Myles et al. (2005) which suggest that "contemporary Berber populations possess the genetic signature of a past migration of pastoralists from the Middle East", although later papers have suggested that this date could have been as longas ten thousand years ago, with the transition from the Oranian to the Capsian culture in North Africa.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00439-005-1266-3 | doi=10.1007/s00439-005-1266-3 | title=Genetic evidence in support of a shared Eurasian-North African dairying origin | year=2005 | last1=Myles | first1=Sean | last2=Bouzekri | first2=Nourdine | last3=Haverfield | first3=Eden | last4=Cherkaoui | first4=Mohamed | last5=Dugoujon | first5=Jean-Michel | last6=Ward | first6=Ryk | journal=Human Genetics | volume=117 | issue=1 | pages=34–42 | pmid=15806398 | s2cid=23939065 }}</ref>