Editing Defensive wall (section)

===China===
Large [[rammed earth]] walls were built in [[History of China#Ancient China|ancient China]] since the [[Shang dynasty]] ({{Circa|1600}}–1050{{nbsp}}BC), as the capital at ancient Ao had enormous walls built in this fashion (see [[siege]] for more info). Although stone walls were built in China during the [[Warring States]] (481–221{{nbsp}}BC), mass conversion to stone architecture did not begin in earnest until the [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907{{nbsp}} AD). Sections of the [[Great Wall]] had been built prior to the [[Qin dynasty]] (221–207{{nbsp}}BC) and subsequently connected and fortified during the Qin dynasty, although its present form was mostly an engineering feat and remodeling of the [[Ming dynasty]] (1368–1644{{nbsp}}AD). The large walls of [[Pingyao]] serve as one example. Likewise, the walls of the [[Forbidden City]] in [[Beijing]] were established in the early 15th century by the [[Yongle Emperor]]. According to [[Tonio Andrade]], the immense thickness of Chinese city walls prevented larger cannons from being developed, since even industrial era artillery had trouble breaching Chinese walls.{{sfn|Lorge|2008|p=43}}{{sfn|Andrade|2016|p=103}}