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===Sedom Lagoon=== During the late [[Pliocene]]-early [[Pleistocene]], what is now the valley of the Jordan River, Dead Sea, and the northern Wadi [[Arabah]] was repeatedly inundated by waters from the [[Mediterranean Sea]].<ref name="Stein">{{cite web |author=Mordechai Stein |title=The limnological history of late Pleistocene β Holocene water bodies in the Dead Sea basin |url=http://www.gsi.gov.il/_Uploads/4739SteinF.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513022228/http://www.gsi.gov.il/_Uploads/4739SteinF.pdf |archive-date=2013-05-13}}{{self-published inline|date=February 2021}} (Adjunct Professor at HUJI and senior researcher (emeritus as of 2024) of the [[Geological Survey of Israel]], Geochemistry and Ecological Geology Division.)</ref> The waters formed in a narrow, crooked bay that is called by geologists the Sedom Lagoon, which was connected to the sea through what is now the [[Jezreel Valley]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249853291_Climatic_changes_during_the_Pliocene_as_observed_from_climate-sensitive_rocks_and_clay_minerals_of_the_Sedom_formation_the_Dead_Sea_Basin/download?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6Il9kaXJlY3QiLCJwYWdlIjoiX2RpcmVjdCJ9fQ | title= Climatic changes during the Pliocene as observed from climate-sensitive rocks and clay minerals of the Sedom formation, the Dead Sea Basin | date = 2009 | first1=S. |last1= Shoval | first2 = Olga | last2 = Zlatkin | journal= Clay Minerals | doi= 10.1180/claymin.2009.044.4.469 }}</ref> The floods of the valley came and went depending on long-scale changes in the tectonic and [[Climate variability and change|climatic conditions]].<ref name=Stein/> The Sedom Lagoon extended at its maximum from the [[Sea of Galilee]] in the north to somewhere around {{convert|50|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} south of the current southern end of the Dead Sea, and the subsequent lakes never surpassed this expanse. The [[Hula Valley|Hula Depression]] was never part of any of these water bodies due to its higher elevation and the high threshold of the [[Chorazin#Geomorphology|Korazim block]] separating it from the Sea of Galilee basin.<ref name=Kafri2010> {{cite book |author1= Uri Kafri |author2= Yoseph Yechieli |title= Groundwater Base Level Changes and Adjoining Hydrological Systems |year= 2010 |publisher= Springer Science & Business Media |isbn= 978-3-642-13944-4 |page= 123 |bibcode= 2010gblc.book.....K |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uu99EqQcZfYC&pg=PA123}}</ref>
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