Editing DARPA (section)

==Organization==

===Current program offices===
DARPA has six technical offices that manage the agency's research portfolio, and two additional offices that manage special projects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DARPA Offices |url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/offices |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=DARPA.mil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Special Projects and Technology Transition |url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/offices/special-projects-technology-transition |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=DARPA.mil}}</ref>  All offices report to the DARPA director, including:
* The [[Defense Sciences Office|Defense Sciences Office (DSO)]]: DSO identifies and pursues high-risk, high-payoff research initiatives across a broad spectrum of science and engineering disciplines and transforms them into important, new game-changing technologies for U.S. national security. Current DSO themes include novel materials and structures, sensing and measurement, computation and processing, enabling operations, collective intelligence, and global change.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Defense Sciences Office (DSO) |url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/offices/dso |access-date=May 21, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darpa.mil/DSO/ |title=DARPA/DSO Home Page |date=2 December 1998 |access-date=6 June 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981202153000/http://www.darpa.mil/DSO/ |archive-date=2 December 1998 }}</ref> 
* The [[Information Innovation Office|Information Innovation Office (I2O)]] aims to ensure U.S. technological superiority in all areas where information can provide a decisive military advantage.
* The [[Microsystems Technology Office|Microsystems Technology Office (MTO)]] core mission is the development of high-performance, intelligent microsystems and next-generation components to ensure U.S. dominance in Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR), Electronic Warfare (EW), and Directed Energy (DE). The effectiveness, survivability, and lethality of systems that relate to these applications depend critically on microsystems and components.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsystems Technology Office (MTO) |url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/offices/mto |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=DARPA.mil}}</ref>
* The [[Strategic Technology Office (DARPA)|Strategic Technology Office (STO)]] mission is to focus on technologies that have a global theater-wide impact and that involve multiple Services.<ref name="darpa.mil">{{cite web |url=http://www.darpa.mil/offices.html |title=DARPA &#124; Offices |access-date=2009-11-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015051855/http://www.darpa.mil/offices.html |archive-date=2009-10-15 }} DARPA Offices. Retrieved 2009-11-08.</ref>
* The [[Tactical Technology Office (DARPA)|Tactical Technology Office (TTO)]] engages in high-risk, high-payoff advanced military research, emphasizing the "system" and "subsystem" approach to the development of aeronautic, space, and land systems as well as embedded processors and control systems
* The [[Biological Technologies Office (DARPA)|Biological Technologies Office (BTO)]] fosters, demonstrates, and transitions breakthrough fundamental research, discoveries, and applications that integrate biology, engineering, and computer science for national security. Created in April 2014 by then Director [[Arati Prabhakar]], taking programs from the MTO and DSO offices.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2014-04-01|title=DARPA Launches Biological Technologies Office |date=1 April 2014 |website=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency}}</ref>

===Former offices===
* The [[Adaptive Execution Office|Adaptive Execution Office (AEO)]] was created in 2009 by the DARPA Director, [[Regina Dugan]]. The office's four project areas included technology transition, assessment, rapid [[productivity]] and [[adaptive system]]s. AEO provided the agency with robust connections to the warfighter community and assisted the agency with the planning and execution of technology demonstrations and field trials to promote adoption by the warfighter, accelerating the transition of new technologies into DoD capabilities.
* [[Information Awareness Office]]: 2002–2003
* The [[Advanced Technology Office (DARPA)|Advanced Technology Office (ATO)]] researched, demonstrated, and developed high payoff projects in maritime, communications, special operations, command and control, and information assurance and survivability mission areas.<ref>[https://www.militaryaerospace.com/communications/article/16709225/darpa-looks-to-ultrawideband-technology-for-advanced-tactical-networking/ DARPA looks to ultra-wideband technology for advanced tactical networking] 
 militaryaerospace.com. May 1, 2003</ref>
* The [[Special Projects Office (DARPA)|Special Projects Office (SPO)]] researched, developed, demonstrated, and transitioned technologies focused on addressing present and emerging national challenges. SPO investments ranged from the development of enabling technologies to the demonstration of large prototype systems. SPO developed technologies to counter the emerging threat of underground facilities used for purposes ranging from command-and-control, to weapons storage and staging, to the manufacture of weapons of mass destruction. SPO developed significantly more cost-effective ways to counter proliferated, inexpensive cruise missiles, UAVs, and other platforms used for weapon delivery, jamming, and surveillance. SPO invested in novel space technologies across the spectrum of space control applications including rapid access, space situational awareness, counterspace, and persistent tactical grade sensing approaches including extremely large space apertures and structures.
* The Office of Special Development (OSD) in the 1960s developed a real-time [[remote sensing]], monitoring, and predictive activity system on trails used by insurgents in Laos, Cambodia, and the Republic of Vietnam.  This was done from an office in Bangkok, Thailand, that was ostensibly established to catalog and support the Thai fishing fleet, of which two volumes were published.  This is a personal recollection without a published citation.  A report on the ARPA group under which OSD operated is found here.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Joanne |first1=Sandstrom |title=The United States and Thailand |url=https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/ieas/IEAS_12_0002.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722140418/https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/ieas/IEAS_12_0002.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-22 |url-status=live |website=digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/ |publisher=Berkeley.edu |access-date=22 July 2021}}</ref> 
A 1991 reorganization created several offices which existed throughout the early 1990s:<ref>{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_6712/is_n27_v171/ai_n28601257/ | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708012812/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_6712/is_n27_v171/ai_n28601257/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=2012-07-08 | work=Defense Daily | title=DARPA restructures/creates new offices | year=1991}}</ref>
* The [[Electronic Systems Technology Office]] combined areas of the Defense Sciences Office and the Defense Manufacturing Office. This new office will focus on the boundary between general-purpose computers and the physical world, such as sensors, displays and the first few layers of specialized signal-processing that couple these modules to standard computer interfaces.
* The [[Software and Intelligent Systems Technology Office]] and the [[Computing Systems office]] will have responsibility associated with the Presidential High-Performance Computing Initiative. The Software office will also be responsible for "software systems technology, [[machine intelligence]] and software engineering."
* The [[Land Systems Office]] was created to develop advanced land vehicle and anti-armor systems, once the domain of the Tactical Technology Office.
* The [[Undersea Warfare Office]] combined areas of the Advanced Vehicle Systems and Tactical Technology offices to develop and demonstrate submarine stealth and counter-stealth and automation.

A 2010 reorganization merged two offices:
* The [[Transformational Convergence Technology Office|Transformational Convergence Technology Office (TCTO)]] and the [[Information Processing Techniques Office|Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO)]] were combined in 2010 to form the [[Information Innovation Office|Information Innovation Office (I2O)]].
** TCTO's mission was to develop new crosscutting capabilities from a broad range of emerging technological and social trends, particularly in areas related to computing and computing-reliant subareas of the life sciences, social sciences, manufacturing, and commerce.<ref name="darpa.mil"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hpcwire.com/2010/09/22/embedded_clouds_a_look_back_at_hpec_2010/ |title=Embedded Clouds: A Look Back at HPEC 2010 |work=HPCwire |access-date=7 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707185535/http://www.hpcwire.com/2010/09/22/embedded_clouds_a_look_back_at_hpec_2010/ |archive-date=7 July 2015 |date=2010-09-22 }}</ref>
** IPTO focused on inventing the sensing, networking, computing, and software technologies vital to ensuring DOD military superiority.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://schedule.sxsw.com/2014/events/event_IAP28839 |title=Schedule – sxsw.com |work=SXSW Schedule 2014 |access-date=7 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909201234/http://schedule.sxsw.com/2014/events/event_IAP28839 |archive-date=9 September 2015 }}</ref>

===Directors===
{{anchor|List of directors}}
Directors of DARPA have included:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.darpa.mil/attachments/DARPA_Directors_Sheet-web.pdf |title=DARPA Directors, 1958-Present |publisher=DARPA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910003008/https://www.darpa.mil/attachments/DARPA_Directors_Sheet-web.pdf |archive-date=2016-09-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!Image
!Director
!Term start
!Term end
!Notes
|-
|1
|[[File:Roy W. Johnson.jpeg|70px]]
|Roy W. Johnson
|1958
|1959
|
|-
|2
|[[File:Austin W. Betts.jpeg|70px]]
|Austin W. Betts
|1960
|1961
|
|-
|3
|[[File:Jack P. Ruina.jpeg|70px]]
|[[Jack Ruina]]
|1961
|1963
|
|-
|4
|[[File:RobertLSproul1970.jpg|70px]]
|[[Robert Sproull]]
|1963
|1965
|
|-
|5
|[[File:Portrait of Charles M. Herzfeld, Director of Defense Research and Engineering.jpg|70px]]
|[[Charles M. Herzfeld]]
|June 1965
|March 1967
|
|-
|6
|[[File:Eberhardt Rechtin.jpg|70px]]
|[[Eberhardt Rechtin]]
|1967
|1970
|
|-
|7
|[[File:SJLukasik1990.jpg|70px]]
|[[Stephen J. Lukasik]]
|1970
|1975
|
|-
|8
|[[File:George H. Heilmeier.jpg|70px]]
|[[George H. Heilmeier]]
|1975
|1977
|
|-
|9
|[[File:Robert R. Fossum.jpeg|70px]]
|Robert R. Fossum
|1977
|1981
|
|-
|10
|[[File:Robert S. Cooper, DARPA Director, 1981–1985.jpg|70px]]
|Robert S. Cooper
|1981
|1985
|
|-
|11
|[[File:Robert C. Duncan, DARPA Director, 1985–1988.jpeg|70px]]
|[[Robert C. Duncan (engineer)|Robert C. Duncan]]
|1985
|1988
|
|-
|12
|[[File:Ray S. Colladay, DARPA Director, 1988–1989.jpeg|70px]]
|Ray S. Colladay
|1988
|1989
|
|-
|13
|[[File:Craig I. Fields, DARPA Director, 1989–1990.jpeg|70px]]
|Craig I. Fields
|1989
|1990
|
|-
|14
|[[File:Victor H. Reis, DARPA Director, 1990–1992.jpeg|70px]]
|[[Victor H. Reis]]
|1990
|1992
|
|-
|15
|[[File:Gary L. Denman, DARPA Director, 1992-1995.jpeg|70px]]
|Gary L. Denman
|1992
|1995
|
|-
|16
|[[File:Verne L. Lynn, DARPA Director, 1995–1998.jpeg|70px]]
|Verne L. "Larry" Lynn
|1995
|1998
|
|-
|17
|[[File:Fernando L. Fernandez, DARPA Director, 1998 – 2001.jpeg|70px]]
|Fernando L. "Frank" Fernandez
|1998
|2001
|
|-
|18
|[[File:Defense.gov News Photo 010709-A-3569D-001.jpg|70px]]
|[[Anthony J. Tether]]
|June 18, 2001
|February 20, 2009
|<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://aviationweek.com/rumsfeld-appoints-anthony-tether-be-new-head-darpa |title=Rumsfeld appoints Anthony Tether to be new head of DARPA |date=June 20, 2001 |magazine=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]]}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|–
|
|Robert Leheny
|February 21, 2009
|July 19, 2009
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cra.org/govaffairs/blog/2009/07/new-darpa-director-announced/ |title=New DARPA Director Announced |date=July 2, 2009 |first=Peter |last=Harsha |publisher=[[Computing Research Association]]}}</ref>
|-
|19
|[[File:DARPA Director Dr regina dugan.jpeg|70px]]
|[[Regina E. Dugan]]
|July 20, 2009
|March 2012
|<ref name="Dugan leaves">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/2012/03/dugan-darpa-google/ |title=Exclusive: Darpa Director Bolts Pentagon for Google |date=March 12, 2012 |first=Noah |last=Shachtman |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|acting
|[[File:2019 - Auto-Tech & TalkRobot - Day 1 VJR10650 (49018512253).jpg|70px]]
|Kaigham "Ken" Gabriel
|March 2012
|July 29, 2012
|<ref name="Dugan leaves"/>
|-
|20
|[[File:Arati Prabhakar, OSTP Director.jpg|70px]]
|[[Arati Prabhakar]]
|July 30, 2012
|January 20, 2017
|<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/2012/07/darpa-solyndra/ |title=Exclusive: Darpa Gets a New Boss, and Solyndra Is in Her Past |first=Noah |last=Shachtman |date=July 10, 2012 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]}}</ref>
|-
|bgcolor="#e6e6aa"|acting
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Dr. Steven H. Walker.JPG|70px]]
|rowspan="2"|Steven H. Walker
|bgcolor="#e6e6aa"|January 20, 2017
|bgcolor="#e6e6aa"|November 8, 2017
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.darpa.mil/news/2017/steven-h-walker-appointed |title=New director takes helm as Agency approaches 60th anniversary |date=November 8, 2017 |publisher=DARPA}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.airandspaceforces.com/walker-stepping-down-as-darpa-head/ |title=Walker Stepping Down as DARPA Head |date=December 17, 2019 |first=Brian W. |last=Everstine |magazine=[[Air & Space Forces Magazine]]}}</ref>
|-
|21
|November 8, 2017
|January 10, 2019
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|acting
|[[File:Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Critical Technologies. Office of the Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Peter Highnam.jpg|70px]]
|[[Peter Highnam]]
|January 11, 2019
|nowrap|September 23, 2020
|
|-
|22
|[[File:Victoria Coleman.jpg|70px]]
|[[Victoria Coleman]]
|nowrap|September 24, 2020
|January 20, 2021
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.darpa.mil/news/2020/victoria-coleman-director |title=Victoria Coleman Sworn In as 22nd DARPA Director |date=September 24, 2020 |publisher=DARPA}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|acting
|[[File:Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Critical Technologies. Office of the Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Peter Highnam.jpg|70px]]
|Peter Highnam
|January 20, 2020
|March 14, 2021
|<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.airandspaceforces.com/darpa-changing-directors-again-in-third-recent-shuffle/ |title=DARPA Changing Directors Again in Third Recent Shuffle |date=January 21, 2021 |first=Rachel S. |last=Cohen |magazine=[[Air & Space Forces Magazine]]}}</ref>
|-
|23
|[[File:Stefanie Tompkins official portrait.jpg|70px]]
|[[Stefanie Tompkins]]
|March 15, 2021
|January 20, 2025
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.darpa.mil/news/2021/stefanie-tompkins-appointed |title=Agency veteran brings skillset, drive to convert bold technology visions into new capabilities for nation |date=March 15, 2021 |publisher=DARPA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.minesnewsroom.com/news/colorado-school-mines-names-stefanie-tompkins-new-provost |title=Colorado School of Mines names Stefanie Tompkins as new Provost |date=February 11, 2025 |first=Emilie |last=Rusch |publisher=Colorado School of Mines}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|acting
|
|Rob McHenry
|January 20, 2025
|May 19, 2025
|
|-
|24
|
|Stephen Winchell
|May 19, 2025
|Present
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harper |first=Jon |date=2025-05-08 |title=Trump administration picks new DARPA director |url=https://defensescoop.com/2025/05/08/darpa-director-stephen-winchell/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=DefenseScoop |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|}