Editing Czechoslovakia (section)

===First Czechoslovak Republic===
{{main|First Czechoslovak Republic}}
[[File:Masaryk a Štefánik.jpg|thumb|A monument to [[Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]] and [[Milan Rastislav Štefánik|Milan Štefánik]]—both key figures in early Czechoslovakia]]

====Formation====
[[File:Czechoslovakia01.png|thumb|Czechoslovakia in 1928]]
The [[Bohemian Kingdom]] ceased to exist in 1918 when it was incorporated into Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia was founded in October 1918, as one of the successor states of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of [[World War I]] and as part of the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)|Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye]]. It consisted of the present-day territories of [[Bohemia]], [[Moravia]], parts of [[Silesia]] making up present-day [[Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia]], and a region of present-day [[Ukraine]] called [[Carpathian Ruthenia]]. Its territory included some of the most industrialized regions of the former Austria-Hungary.
{{see also|Ethnic minorities in Czechoslovakia}}

==== Ethnicity ====
[[File:Czechoslovakia 1930 linguistic map - created 2008-10-30.svg|thumb|Linguistic map of Czechoslovakia in 1930]]

The new country was a multi-ethnic state, with Czechs and Slovaks as ''constituent peoples''. The population consisted of [[Czechs]] (51%), [[Slovaks]] (16%), [[Germans]] (22%), [[Hungarians]] (5%) and [[Rusyns]] (4%).<ref>"The War of the World", [[Niall Ferguson]] Allen Lane 2006.</ref> Many of the Germans, Hungarians, Ruthenians and Poles<ref name="pp">{{cite web |url=http://www.praguepost.com/articles/2005/07/06/playing-the-blame-game.php |title=Playing the blame game |date=6 July 2005 |access-date=30 June 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630084718/http://www.praguepost.com/articles/2005/07/06/playing-the-blame-game.php |archive-date=30 June 2008 }}, ''[[Prague Post]]'', 6 July 2005</ref> and some Slovaks, felt oppressed because the political elite did not generally allow political autonomy for minority ethnic groups.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} This policy led to unrest among the non-Czech population, particularly in German-speaking [[Sudetenland]], which initially had proclaimed itself part of the [[Republic of German-Austria]] in accordance with the [[self-determination]] principle.

The state proclaimed the official ideology that there were no separate Czech and Slovak nations, but only one nation of Czechoslovaks (see [[Czechoslovakism]]), to the disagreement of Slovaks and other ethnic groups. Once a unified Czechoslovakia was restored after World War II (after the country had been divided during the war), the conflict between the [[Czechs]] and the [[Slovaks]] surfaced again. The governments of Czechoslovakia and other Central European nations deported ethnic Germans, reducing the presence of minorities in the nation. Most of the Jews had been killed during the war by the Nazis.

{|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:25em;text-align:right;"
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! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|
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Ethnicities of Czechoslovakia in 1921<ref>Škorpila F. B.; Zeměpisný atlas pro měšťanské školy; Státní Nakladatelství; second edition; 1930; Czechoslovakia</ref>
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|-
|style="width:50%;text-align:left;"| [[Czechs]] and [[Slovaks]]
|style="width:25%;"| 8,759,701
|style="width:25%;"| 64.37%
|-
|align="left"| [[Germans]] || 3,123,305 || 22.95%
|-
|align="left"| [[Hungarian people|Hungarians]] || 744,621 || 5.47%
|-
|align="left"| [[Ruthenians]] || 461,449 || 3.39%
|-
|align="left"| [[Jews]]|| 180,534 || 1.33%
|-
|align="left"| [[Polish people|Poles]] || 75,852 || 0.56%
|-
|align="left"| Others || 23,139 || 0.17%
|-
|align="left"| Foreigners || 238,784 || 1.75%
|-
!align="left"| Total population !!align="right"| 13,607,385
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|
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|}

{|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:25em;text-align:right;"
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! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|
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Ethnicities of Czechoslovakia in 1930<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rozhledy2010.blogspot.sk/2011/04/ceskoslovensko-1930-scitani2.html|title=Československo 1930 (Sčítání)(2).|year=2011|access-date=2 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074355/http://rozhledy2010.blogspot.sk/2011/04/ceskoslovensko-1930-scitani2.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|-
|style="width:50%;text-align:left;"| [[Czechs]] and [[Slovaks]]
|style="width:25%;"| 10,066,000
|style="width:25%;"| 68.35%
|-
|align="left"| [[Germans]] || 3,229,000 || 21.93%
|-
|align="left"| [[Ruthenians]] || 745,000 || 5.06%
|-
|align="left"| [[Hungarian people|Hungarians]] || 653,000 || 4.43%
|-
|align="left"| Jews|| 354,000 || 2.40%
|-
|align="left"| [[Polish people|Poles]] || 76,000 || 0.52%
|-
|align="left"| [[Romanians]] || 14,000 || 0.10%
|-
|align="left"| Foreigners || 239,000 || 1.62%
|-
!align="left"| Total population !!align="right"| 14,726,158
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|
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|}
''<small>*Jews identified themselves as Germans or Hungarians (and Jews only by religion not ethnicity), the sum is, therefore, more than 100%.</small>''