Editing Cycling (section)

==Infrastructure==
[[File:Cycling Amsterdam 04.jpg|thumb|A [[bike path]] in [[Amsterdam]]. Bike paths are dedicated for cyclists and provide shelter from vehicle traffic.]]
{{See also|Cycling infrastructure}}
[[File:Bicycle Parking Lot Niigata.jpg|thumb|A parking lot for bicycles in [[Niigata, Niigata|Niigata]], Japan|alt=Hundreds of bicycles, grouped in rectangular parking places with driving paths in between.]]
[[File:Cambridge CMS Bicycle Racks.jpg|thumb|[[Bicycle stand]]s outside the Centre for Mathematical Sciences at the [[University of Cambridge]]. Many students at the university opt to travel by bicycle.]]
Cyclists, pedestrians and motorists make different demands on road design which may lead to conflicts. Some jurisdictions give priority to motorized traffic, for example setting up one-way street systems, free-right turns, high capacity roundabouts, and [[interchange (road)|slip roads]]. Others share priority with cyclists so as to encourage more cycling by applying varying combinations of [[traffic calming]] measures to limit the impact of motorized transport, and by building [[bike lane]]s, [[bike path]]s and [[cycle track]]s. The provision of cycling infrastructure varies widely between cities and countries, particularly since cycling for transportation almost entirely occurs in public streets.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McLeod |first1=Sam |last2=Babb |first2=Courtney |last3=Barlow |first3=Steve |date=21 May 2020 |title=How to 'do' a bike plan: Collating best practices to synthesise a Maturity Model of planning for cycling |journal=Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives |language=en |volume=5 |pages=100130 |doi=10.1016/j.trip.2020.100130 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2020TrRIP...500130M }}</ref> And, the development of computer vision and street view imagery has provided significant potential to assess infrastructure for cyclists.<ref>{{cite journal |year=2021 |title=Assessing bikeability with street view imagery and computer vision |journal=Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies |volume=132 |page=103371 |doi=10.1016/j.trc.2021.103371 |last1=Ito |first1=K. |last2=Biljecki |first2=F. |arxiv=2105.08499 |bibcode=2021TRPC..13203371I |s2cid=234763005}}</ref>

In jurisdictions where motor vehicles were given priority, cycling has tended to decline while in jurisdictions where cycling infrastructure was built, cycling rates have remained steady or increased.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bicyclenewengland.com/2018/12/18/economic-benefits-of-cycling/ |title=Why are Fewer People Bicycling if the Economic Benefits are so Clear? |date=18 December 2018 |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-date=7 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307054106/https://bicyclenewengland.com/2018/12/18/economic-benefits-of-cycling/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Occasionally, extreme measures against cycling may occur. In Shanghai, where bicycles were once the dominant [[mode of transport]], bicycle travel on a few city roads was banned temporarily in December 2003.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3303655.stm |title=Shanghai ends reign of the bicycle |date=9 December 2003}}</ref>

In areas in which cycling is popular and encouraged, cycle-parking facilities using [[bicycle stand]]s, lockable mini-garages, and patrolled cycle parks are used to reduce theft. Local governments promote cycling by permitting bicycles to be carried on public transport or by providing external [[Bicycle carrier|attachment devices]] on public transport vehicles. Conversely, an absence of secure cycle-parking is a recurring complaint by cyclists from cities with low [[modal share]] of cycling.

Extensive cycling infrastructure may be found in some cities. Such dedicated paths in some cities often have to be shared with in-line skaters, scooters, skateboarders, and pedestrians. Dedicated cycling infrastructure is treated differently in the [[bikeway and legislation|law]] of every jurisdiction, including the question of liability of users in a collision. There is also some debate about the [[bikeway safety|safety]] of the various types of separated facilities.

Bicycles are considered a sustainable mode of transport, especially suited for urban use and relatively shorter distances when used for transport (compared to recreation). Case studies and good practices (from European cities and some worldwide examples) that promote and stimulate this kind of functional cycling in cities can be found at [[Eltis]], Europe's portal for local transport.

A number of cities, including Paris, London and [[Bicing|Barcelona]], now have successful [[bicycle sharing|bike hire schemes]] designed to help people cycle in the city. Typically these feature utilitarian city bikes which lock into docking stations, released on payment for set time periods. Costs vary from city to city. In London, initial hire access costs £2 per day. The first 30 minutes of each trip is free, with £2 for each additional 30 minutes until the bicycle is returned.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/cycling/santander-cycles |title=Santander Cycles: London's self-service, bike-sharing scheme |website=tfl.gov.uk |access-date=26 November 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Utrecht-IMG 7481.JPG|thumb|The safe physically separated ''Fietspad'' in the Netherlands, keeping cyclists away from traffic as seen in [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]]]]

In the Netherlands, many roads have one or two separate [[cycleway]]s alongside them, or cycle lanes marked on the road. On roads where adjacent bike paths or cycle tracks exist, the use of these facilities is compulsory, and cycling on the main carriageway is not permitted.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0004825/HoofdstukII/i1/Artikel5/geldigheidsdatum_01-10-2012 |title=wetten.nl – Wet- en regelgeving – Reglement verkeersregels en verkeerstekens 1990 (RVV 1990) – BWBR0004825 |work=overheid.nl |access-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711060948/http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0004825/HoofdstukII/i1/Artikel5/geldigheidsdatum_01-10-2012 |archive-date=11 July 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Some 35,000&nbsp;km of cycle-track has been physically segregated from motor traffic,<ref name="fietsberaad">{{cite web |url=http://www.fietsberaad.nl/index.cfm?lang=nl&section=nieuws&mode=newsArticle&repository=The+Netherlands+boast+almost+35.000+km+of+cycling+paths |title=The Netherlands boast almost 35.000 km of cycling paths |work=fietsberaad.nl |access-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717230921/http://www.fietsberaad.nl/index.cfm?lang=nl&section=nieuws&mode=newsArticle&repository=The+Netherlands+boast+almost+35.000+km+of+cycling+paths |archive-date=17 July 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[https://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/9F9F3F71-9324-46D3-AD7E-076C59F8392D/0/2015factsheetnederlandfietsland_ENG.pdf]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113154603/http://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/9F9F3F71-9324-46D3-AD7E-076C59F8392D/0/2015factsheetnederlandfietsland_ENG.pdf|date=13 November 2015}}<span> Factsheet The Netherlands: cycling country</span>  — [[Statistics Netherlands|CBS]]</ref> equal to a quarter of the country's entire 140,000&nbsp;km road network.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2085.html#nl |title=CIA World Factbook &#124; Field listing: Roadways |date=2014 |website=www.cia.gov |publisher=U.S. Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226005021/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2085.html#nl |url-status=dead}}</ref> A quarter of all trips in the country are made on bicycles, one quarter of them to work. Even the prime minister goes to work by bicycle, when weather permits. This saves the lives of 6,000 citizens per year, prolongs life expectancy by 6 months, saves the country 20&nbsp;million dollars per year, and prevents 150 grams of {{CO2}} from being emitted per kilometer of cycling.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why I Ride My Bike to Work, by the Prime Minister of the Netherlands |url=https://www.ecowatch.com/mark-rutte-bikes-to-work-2640672478.html |access-date=29 September 2019 |agency=Ecowatch |publisher=World Economic Forum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929101441/https://www.ecowatch.com/mark-rutte-bikes-to-work-2640672478.html |archive-date=29 September 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>