Editing Culture of the Netherlands (section)

===Architecture===
{{main|Architecture of the Netherlands}}
{{see also|Dutch Baroque architecture}}
[[File:Palacio Real, Ámsterdam, Países Bajos, 2016-05-30, DD 07-09 HDR.jpg|left|thumb|210px|''Koninklijk Paleis'' ([[Royal Palace of Amsterdam]]) by [[Jacob van Campen]]]]

The [[Dutch Golden Age]] roughly spanned the 17th century. Due to the thriving economy, cities expanded greatly. New town halls and storehouses were built, and many new canals were dug out in and around various cities such as [[Delft]], [[Leiden]] and [[Amsterdam]] for defence and transport purposes. Many wealthy merchants had a new house built along these canals. These houses were generally very narrow and had ornamented façades that befitted their new status. The reason they were narrow was because a house was taxed on the width of the façade. The architecture of the first republic in Northern Europe was marked by sobriety and restraint, and was meant to reflect democratic values by quoting extensively from [[classical antiquity]]. In general, architecture in the [[Low Countries]], both in the [[Counter-Reformation]]-influenced [[Spanish Netherlands|south]] and [[Protestantism|Protestant]]-dominated north, remained strongly invested in northern [[Italy|Italian]] [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] and [[Mannerism|Mannerist]] forms that predated the [[Rome|Roman]] [[Baroque architecture|High Baroque]] style of [[Borromini]] and [[Bernini]]. Instead, the more austere form practiced in the Dutch Republic was well suited to major building patterns: palaces for the [[House of Orange]] and new civic buildings, uninfluenced by the Counter-Reformation style that made some headway in [[Antwerp]]. At the end of the 19th century there was a remarkable [[neo-Gothic]] stream or [[Gothic Revival]] both in church and in public architecture, notably by the Roman Catholic [[Pierre Cuypers]], who was inspired by the Frenchman [[Viollet le Duc]]. The Amsterdam [[Rijksmuseum]] (1876–1885) and [[Amsterdam Centraal]] Station (1881–1889) belong to his main buildings.

[[File:HilversumCityHall-front.jpg|thumb|210px|Hilversum City Hall by [[Willem Marinus Dudok]]]]
During the 20th century Dutch architects played a leading role in the development of modern architecture. Out of the early 20th century rationalist architecture of [[Hendrik Petrus Berlage|Berlage]], architect of the [[Beurs van Berlage]], three separate groups developed during the 1920s, each with their own view on which direction modern architecture should take. Expressionist architects like M. de Klerk and P.J. Kramer in [[Amsterdam]] (''See [[Amsterdam School]]''). Functionalist architects (''[[Nieuwe Zakelijkheid]]'' or ''Nieuwe Bouwen'') like [[Mart Stam]], L. C. van der Vlugt, [[Willem Marinus Dudok]] and Johannes Duiker had good ties with the international modernist group [[Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne|CIAM]]. A third group came out of the [[De Stijl]] movement, among them J. J. P. Oud and [[Gerrit Rietveld]]. Both architects later built in a functionalist style. During the 1950s and 1960s a new generation of architects like [[Aldo van Eyck]], [[J.B. Bakema]] and Herman Hertzberger, known as the ‘Forum generation’ (named after a magazine titled ''Forum'') formed a connection with international groups like [[Team 10]]. From the '80s to the present [[Rem Koolhaas]] and his [[Office for Metropolitan Architecture]] (OMA) became one of the leading world architects. With him, formed a new generation of Dutch architects working in a modernist tradition.