Editing Criminal justice (section)

===Corrections and rehabilitation===
[[File:HuntsvilleUnitHuntsvilleTX.jpg|thumb|The [[Huntsville Unit]] of the [[Texas Department of Criminal Justice]] in [[Huntsville, Texas]], is a [[prison]], a component of a corrections system.]]
{{Main|Corrections}}

Offenders are then turned over to the correctional authorities, from the court system after the accused has been found guilty. Like all other aspects of criminal justice, the administration of [[punishment]] has taken many different forms throughout history. Early on, when civilizations lacked the resources necessary to construct and maintain prisons, [[exile]] and [[execution]] were the primary forms of punishment. Historically [[shame]] punishments and [[exile]] have also been used as forms of censure.

The most publicly visible form of punishment in the modern era is the [[prison]]. Prisons may serve as detention centers for prisoners after trial. For containment of the accused, jails are used.  Early prisons were used primarily to sequester criminals and little thought was given to living conditions within their walls. In America, the [[Quaker]] movement is commonly credited with establishing the idea that prisons should be used to reform criminals. This can be seen as a critical moment in the debate regarding the purpose of punishment.
[[File:Correctional Activities at Central Jail Faisalabad, Pakistan in 2010 - Convicted prisoners receiving Quranic education.jpg|left|thumb|[[Qur'an]]ic education for offenders at the [[Central Jail Faisalabad]] in [[Faisalabad]], Pakistan]]
Punishment (in the form of prison time) may serve a variety of purposes. First, and most obviously, the incarceration of criminals removes them from the general population and inhibits their ability to perpetrate further crimes. A new goal of prison punishments is to offer criminals a chance to be rehabilitated. Many modern prisons offer schooling or job training to prisoners as a chance to learn a vocation and thereby earn a legitimate living when they are returned to society. Religious institutions also have a presence in many prisons, with the goal of teaching ethics and instilling a sense of morality in the prisoners. If a prisoner is released before his time is served, he is released as a parole. This means that they are released, but the restrictions are greater than that of someone on probation.

There are numerous other forms of punishment which are commonly used in conjunction with or in place of prison terms. Monetary [[Fine (penalty)|fines]] are one of the oldest forms of punishment still used today. These fines may be paid to the state or to the victims as a form of reparation. [[Probation]] and [[house arrest]] are also sanctions which seek to limit a person's mobility and his or her opportunities to commit crimes without actually placing them in a prison setting. Furthermore, many jurisdictions may require some form of public or community service as a form of reparations for lesser offenses. In Corrections, the department ensures court-ordered, pre-sentence chemical dependency assessments, related Drug Offender Sentencing Alternative specific examinations and treatment will occur for offenders sentenced to Drug Offender Sentencing Alternative in compliance with RCW 9.94A.660.

Execution or [[capital punishment]] is still used around the world. Its use is one of the most heavily debated aspects of the criminal justice system. Some societies are willing to use executions as a form of political control, or for relatively minor misdeeds. Other societies reserve execution for only the most sinister and brutal offenses. Others still have discontinued the practice entirely, accepting the use of execution to be excessively cruel and/or irreversible in case of an erroneous conviction.<ref>(ACJS) 1963 Justice Sciences 25 April 2015. 2015-05-07 ACJS History 243–252 Criminal Justice. 4: 243-2546790</ref>