Editing Coronary artery disease (section)

===Blood fats===
The consumption of different types of [[fat]]s including [[trans fat]] (trans unsaturated), and [[saturated fat]], in a diet "influences the level of cholesterol that is present in the bloodstream".<ref name="ib.bioninja.com.au">{{Cite web |title=Lipid Health Risks {{!}} BioNinja |url=https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-2-molecular-biology/23-carbohydrates-and-lipids/lipid-health-risks.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=ib.bioninja.com.au |archive-date=19 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019125341/https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-2-molecular-biology/23-carbohydrates-and-lipids/lipid-health-risks.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Unsaturated fats originate from plant sources (such as oils). There are two types of unsaturated fats, cis and trans isomers. Cis unsaturated fats are bent in molecular structure and trans are linear. Saturated fats originate from animal sources (such as animal fats) and are also molecularly linear in structure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Types of Fatty Acids {{!}} BioNinja |url=https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-2-molecular-biology/23-carbohydrates-and-lipids/types-of-fatty-acids.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=ib.bioninja.com.au |archive-date=19 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019125734/https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-2-molecular-biology/23-carbohydrates-and-lipids/types-of-fatty-acids.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The linear configurations of unsaturated trans and saturated fats allow them to easily accumulate and stack at the arterial walls when consumed in high amounts (and other positive measures towards physical health are not met).
* Fats and cholesterol are insoluble in blood and thus are amalgamated with proteins to form lipoproteins for transport. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) transport cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body and raise blood cholesterol levels. The consumption of "saturated fats increases LDL levels within the body, thus raising blood cholesterol levels".<ref name="ib.bioninja.com.au"/>
* High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are considered 'good' lipoproteins as they search for excess cholesterol in the body and transport it back to the liver for disposal. Trans fats also "increase LDL levels whilst decreasing HDL levels within the body, significantly raising blood cholesterol levels".<ref name="ib.bioninja.com.au"/>

High levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream lead to atherosclerosis. With increased levels of LDL in the bloodstream, "LDL particles will form deposits and accumulate within the arterial walls, which will lead to the development of plaques, restricting blood flow".<ref name="ib.bioninja.com.au"/> The resultant reduction in the heart's blood supply due to atherosclerosis in coronary arteries "causes shortness of breath, angina pectoris (chest pains that are usually relieved by rest), and potentially fatal heart attacks (myocardial infarctions)".<ref name="doi.org"/>