Editing Constipation (section)

===Medical conditions===
Metabolic and endocrine problems which may lead to constipation include: [[pheochromocytoma]], [[hypercalcemia]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[hyperparathyroidism]], [[porphyria]], [[chronic kidney disease]], [[pan-hypopituitarism]], [[diabetes mellitus]], and [[cystic fibrosis]].<ref name=walia/><ref name=AGA2000/> Constipation is also common in individuals with muscular and myotonic dystrophy.<ref name=walia/>

[[Systemic disease]]s that may present with constipation include [[celiac disease]] and [[systemic sclerosis]].<ref name=SymptomsCausesNIDDK/><ref name=WGO2016/><ref name=GygerBaron2015>{{cite journal| author=Gyger G, Baron M| title=Systemic Sclerosis: Gastrointestinal Disease and Its Management. | journal=Rheum Dis Clin North Am | year= 2015 | volume= 41 | issue= 3 | pages= 459–73 | pmid=26210129 | doi=10.1016/j.rdc.2015.04.007 |type=Review }}</ref>

Constipation has a number of structural (mechanical, morphological, anatomical) causes, namely through creating space-occupying lesions within the colon that stop the passage of stool, such as [[colorectal cancer]], [[Stenosis|strictures]], [[Rectocele|rectocoles]], [[Human anus|anal sphincter]] damage or malformation and post-surgical changes. Extra-intestinal masses such as other malignancies can also lead to constipation from external compression.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rao|first1=Satish S. C.|last2=Rattanakovit|first2=Kulthep|last3=Patcharatrakul|first3=Tanisa|title=Diagnosis and management of chronic constipation in adults|journal=Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology|volume=13|issue=5|pages=295–305|doi=10.1038/nrgastro.2016.53|pmid=27033126|year=2016|s2cid=19608417}}</ref>

Constipation also has neurological causes, including [[anismus]], [[descending perineum syndrome]], [[desmosis]] and [[Hirschsprung's disease]].<ref name="And2006"/> In infants, Hirschsprung's disease is the most common medical disorder associated with constipation. Anismus occurs in a small minority of persons with chronic constipation or obstructed defecation.<ref>{{cite journal|year=1997|title=Anismus: fact or fiction?|journal=Diseases of the Colon and Rectum|volume=40|issue=9|pages=1033–1041|doi=10.1007/BF02050925|pmid=9293931|vauthors=Schouten WR, Briel JW, Auwerda JJ, van Dam JH, Gosselink MJ, Ginai AZ, Hop WC|s2cid=23587867}}</ref>

Spinal cord lesions and neurological disorders such as [[Parkinson's disease]] and [[pelvic floor dysfunction]]<ref name="AGA2000"/> can also lead to constipation.

[[Chagas disease]] may cause constipation through the destruction of the [[myenteric plexus]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pérez-Molina |first1=José A. |last2=Molina |first2=Israel |title=Chagas disease |journal=The Lancet |date=6 January 2018 |volume=391 |issue=10115 |pages=82–94 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31612-4 |pmid=28673423 |s2cid=4514617 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nguyen |first1=Tina |last2=Waseem |first2=Muhammad |title=Chagas Disease |journal=StatPearls |date=2022 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459272/ |publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=29083573 }}</ref>