Editing Concerto (section)

===Classical era===
{{more citations needed|section|date=April 2021}}
{{See also|List of concertos by Joseph Haydn|Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart}}
[[Image:Classical concerto sonata form.png|thumb|400px|Sonata form in the Classical Concerto.{{sfn|White|1976}} See: [[trill (music)|trill]], [[cadenza]], and [[coda (music)|coda]]. For [[exposition (music)|exposition]], [[musical development|development]] and [[recapitulation (music)|recapitulation]], see [[sonata form]].]]

The concertos of the sons of [[Johann Sebastian Bach]], such as [[C. P. E. Bach]], are perhaps the best links between those of the Baroque period and those of the Classical era. It is conventional to state that the first movements of concertos from the Classical period onwards follow the structure of [[sonata form]]. Final movements are often in [[rondo]] form, as in J.S. Bach's [[Violin Concerto in E major (Bach)|E Major Violin Concerto]].{{sfn|White|1976}}

[[Mozart]] wrote five violin concertos, all in 1775, except the first in 1773.{{sfn|White|1972}} They show a number of influences, notably Italian and [[Austria]]n. Several passages have leanings towards [[folk music]], as manifested in Austrian [[serenade]]s. Mozart also wrote the [[Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra (Mozart)|''Sinfonia Concertante'' for violin, viola and orchestra]]. [[Haydn]] wrote three concertos for violin and above all two for cello. [[Beethoven]] wrote only [[Violin Concerto (Beethoven)|one violin concerto]] that remained obscure until revealed as a masterpiece in a performance by violin virtuoso [[Joseph Joachim]] on 27 May 1844.{{sfn|Stowell|2009}}

C.P.E. Bach's keyboard concertos contain some virtuosic solo writing. Some of them have movements that run into one another without a break, and there are frequent cross-movement thematic references.{{sfn|Erlebach|1936}} Mozart, as a child, made arrangements for keyboard and orchestra of four sonatas by now little-known composers. Then he arranged three sonata movements by [[Johann Christian Bach]]. By the time he was twenty, Mozart was able to write concerto ritornelli that gave the orchestra admirable opportunity for asserting its character in an exposition with some five or six sharply contrasted themes, before the soloist enters to elaborate on the material. Of [[Mozart piano concertos|his 27 piano concertos]], the last 17 are highly appreciated.{{sfn|McClary|1986}} Eleven cataloged keyboard concertos are attributed to Haydn, of which seven are considered genuine.{{sfn|Threasher|2013}} Beethoven wrote five concertos for piano and orchestra.

C. P. E. Bach wrote five flute concertos and two oboe concertos. Mozart wrote [[Horn concertos (Mozart)|four horn concertos]], two for flute, [[Oboe Concerto (Mozart)|one for oboe]] (later rearranged for flute and known as Flute Concerto No. 2), [[Clarinet Concerto (Mozart)|one for clarinet]], [[Bassoon Concerto (Mozart)|one for bassoon]], [[Concerto for Flute, Harp, and Orchestra (Mozart)|one for flute and harp]], and ''[[Exsultate, jubilate]]'', a ''de facto'' concerto for soprano voice.{{sfn|Paumgartner|2010}} They all exploit and explore the characteristics of the solo instrument(s). Haydn wrote an important [[trumpet concerto (Haydn)|trumpet concerto]] and a [[Sinfonia Concertante (Haydn)|''Sinfonia Concertante'' for violin, cello, oboe, bassoon and orchestra]], as well as [[Horn Concerto No. 1 (Haydn)|one horn concerto]]. Haydn also wrote a concerto for double bass but has since been lost to history in the great fire of Esterhaza in 1779.