Editing Cognitive behavioral therapy (section)

===Merger of behavioral and cognitive therapies===
Although the early behavioral approaches were successful in many so-called [[neurotic disorders]], they had little success in treating [[Major depressive disorder|depression]].<ref name="Trull" /><ref name="Rachman_1997" /><ref>{{cite book |title=Behavior therapy: Concepts, procedures, and applications |vauthors=Thorpe GL, Olson SL |date=1997 |publisher=Allyn & Bacon |edition=2nd |location=Boston, MA}}</ref> Behaviorism was also losing popularity due to the [[cognitive revolution]]. The therapeutic approaches of [[Albert Ellis (psychologist)|Albert Ellis]] and [[Aaron T. Beck]] gained popularity among behavior therapists, despite the earlier behaviorist rejection of [[Mentalism (psychology)|mentalistic]] concepts like thoughts and cognitions.<ref name="Trull" /> Both of these systems included behavioral elements and interventions, with the primary focus being on problems in the present.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Checklist |first=Anxiety |title=Understanding CBT for Anxiety: An Evidence-Based Approach to Mental Wellness {{!}} Anxiety Checklist |url=https://anxietychecklist.com/understanding-cbt-anxiety |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=anxietychecklist.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rachman |first=S. |date=2015-01-02 |title=The evolution of behaviour therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25462876/ |journal=Behaviour Research and Therapy |volume=64 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.006 |issn=1873-622X |pmid=25462876}}</ref>

In initial studies, cognitive therapy was often contrasted with behavioral treatments to see which was most effective. During the 1980s and 1990s, cognitive and behavioral techniques were merged into cognitive behavioral therapy. Pivotal to this merging was the successful development of treatments for [[panic disorder]] by [[David M. Clark]] in the UK and [[David H. Barlow]] in the US.<ref name="Rachman_1997" />

Over time, cognitive behavior therapy came to be known not only as a therapy, but as an umbrella term for all cognitive-based psychotherapies.<ref name="Trull" /> These therapies include, but are not limited to, [[Rational emotive behavior therapy|REBT]], [[cognitive therapy]], [[acceptance and commitment therapy]], [[dialectical behavior therapy]], [[metacognitive therapy]], [[metacognitive training]], [[reality therapy]]/[[Glasser's choice theory|choice theory]], [[cognitive processing therapy]], [[Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing|EMDR]], and [[multimodal therapy]].<ref name="Trull" />

This blending of theoretical and technical foundations from both [[Behaviour therapy#"Third generation"|behavior]] and cognitive therapies constituted the "third wave" of CBT.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hayes SC, Hofmann SG |date=October 2017 |title=The third wave of cognitive behavioral therapy and the rise of process-based care |journal=World Psychiatry |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=245–246 |doi=10.1002/wps.20442 |pmc=5608815 |pmid=28941087}}</ref><ref name="Wilson" /> The most prominent therapies of this third wave are [[dialectical behavior therapy]] and [[acceptance and commitment therapy]].<ref name="Wilson" /> Despite the increasing popularity of third-wave treatment approaches, reviews of studies reveal there may be no difference in the effectiveness compared with non-third wave CBT for the treatment of depression.<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Hunot V, Moore TH, Caldwell DM, Furukawa TA, Davies P, Jones H, Honyashiki M, Chen P, Lewis G, Churchill R |date=October 2013 |title='Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue=10 |pages=CD008704 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008704.pub2 |pmid=24142844 |s2cid=1872743 |collaboration=Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Group}}</ref>