Editing Coeur d'Alene, Idaho (section)

==Geography==
===Topography===
[[File:Spokanerivermap.png|thumb|upright=1|alt=Spokane River drainage|[[Spokane River]] drainage basin]]

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|16.08|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|15.57|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.51|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 18, 2012|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=July 2, 2012}}</ref>

Coeur d'Alene is {{convert|30|mi}} east of [[Downtown Spokane|downtown]] [[Spokane, Washington]], and {{convert|259|mi|round=5}} east of [[Seattle]]<!--, Washington-->.<ref>{{cite web| title = How Far is it Between| publisher = Free Map Tools| url = https://www.freemaptools.com/how-far-is-it-between.htm| access-date = July 29, 2020}}</ref> The city is part of the Spokane–Coeur d'Alene combined statistical area and the [[Inland Northwest (United States)|Inland Northwest]] region, consisting of eastern Washington, [[Idaho Panhandle|northern Idaho]], northwestern [[Montana]], and northeastern [[Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Inland Empire |publisher=Merriam-Webster Dictionary |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/inland%20empire |access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>

The city is located on the north shore of [[Lake Coeur d'Alene]], near the outlet of the [[Spokane River]], and is in the [[North Central Rockies forest|Northern Rockies ecoregion]].<ref name=TopoView>{{cite map |title = TopoView: The National Map|url = https://viewer.nationalmap.gov/basic/?basemap=b1&category=histtopo,ustopo&title=Map%20View|format = GeoPDF |type = Topographic map |series = 7.5 Minute Series |scale = 1:24,000 |location = Reston, VA |publisher = [[United States Geological Survey]]|access-date = October 9, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = Draft: Level III and IV Ecoregions of the Northwestern United States| publisher = [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]]| date = May 15, 2002| url = https://cascadiaunderground.org/cascadia-ecoregions-map/| access-date = July 29, 2020}}</ref> Lake Coeur d'Alene is a natural dam-controlled lake that is {{convert|25|mi}} long and {{convert|1|mi}} to {{convert|3|mi}} wide and fed by the [[Coeur d'Alene River|Coeur d'Alene]] and [[Saint Joe River|Saint Joe]] rivers.<ref>{{cite web| last = Schultz| first = Jule| title = Coeur d'Alene Lake: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly| publisher = Spokane Riverkeeper| date = August 14, 2018| url = https://www.spokaneriverkeeper.org/riverjournal/2018/8/13/coeur-dalene-lake-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly| access-date = August 12, 2020}}</ref> Although the Post Falls Dam on the Spokane River near [[Post Falls, Idaho|Post Falls]] controls the lake levels, the lake is usually kept at natural levels from January to June.<ref>{{cite web| title = Is Coeur d'Alene Lake a Reservoir or Lake?| publisher = Avista Corporation| url = https://www.myavista.com/connect/articles/2018/05/true-or-false| access-date = August 12, 2020}}</ref> To the immediate southeast is Fernan Lake and to the northeast of the city is [[Hayden Lake]] and even further northeast in northern Kootenai County is [[Lake Pend Oreille]], which is among the largest and deepest natural lakes in the western United States with a surface area of {{convert|85960|acre|km2}} and maximum depth of {{convert|1152|ft}}.<ref name=TopoView/><ref>{{cite web| title = Lake Pend Oreille Idaho| publisher = Idaho Washington Aquifer Collaborative| url = https://www.iwac.us/protect-our-waters/inland-empire-lakes/lake-pend-oreille-idaho/| access-date = October 9, 2020}}</ref> These lakes, like others in the [[Spokane Valley]] and [[Rathdrum Prairie]], were formed by the [[Missoula Floods]], which ended 12,000 to 15,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite report| last= Breckenridge| first= Roy M.| date= May 1993| title= Glacial Lake Missoula and the Spokane Floods| url= http://www.idahogeology.org/PDF/GeoNotes_(G)/geonote_26.pdf| publisher= Idaho Geological Survey| series= GeoNotes| volume= 26| access-date= November 29, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120426010742/http://www.idahogeology.org/PDF/GeoNotes_(G)/geonote_26.pdf| archive-date= April 26, 2012| url-status= dead}}</ref> The [[Coeur d'Alene Mountains]] of the [[Bitterroot Range]] rise to the east of the city to a maximum elevation of {{convert|7352|ft}} at Cherry Peak.<ref>{{cite web| title = Cour d'Alene Mountains| publisher = Peakbagger.com| url = https://www.peakbagger.com/range.aspx?rid=14310| access-date = August 8, 2020}}</ref>

The wooded lands east of the city, the [[Coeur d'Alene National Forest]], have been designated for protection and management by the [[Idaho Panhandle National Forests]]. These thick forests include groves of [[Old-growth forest|ancient]] [[Thuja plicata|western redcedar]] and host over 300 wildlife species including [[Boreal woodland caribou|woodland caribou]], [[Canada lynx]], [[grizzly bear]], and [[Wolf|wolves]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Our Forests: Idaho Panhandle National Forest| publisher = [[National Forest Foundation]]| url = https://www.nationalforests.org/our-forests/find-a-forest/idaho-panhandle-national-forest| access-date = November 20, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = Wildlife of the Idaho Panhandle National Forests| publisher = [[United States Forest Service]]| url = https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/ipnf/learning/?cid=fsm9_019205| access-date = November 20, 2021}}</ref> The large lakes in the Idaho panhandle attract birds on the [[Pacific Flyway]], and [[bird watching]] is popular on Lake Coeur d'Alene, especially from November to February when [[bald eagles]] come annually to feed on the spawning [[Kokanee salmon|kokanee]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Lake Coeur d'Alene Eagle Watch| publisher = [[Bureau of Land Management]]| url = https://www.blm.gov/programs/fish-and-wildlife/wildlife/about/idaho/lake-coeurdalene-eagle-watch| access-date = August 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| last = Hardy| first = Madison| title = Wildlife lovers enjoy osprey cruise on Lake Coeur d'Alene| newspaper = [[Coeur d'Alene Press]]| date = July 12, 2020| url = https://cdapress.com/news/2020/jul/12/wildlife-lovers-enjoy-osprey-cruise-on-lake-5/| access-date = September 19, 2020}}</ref> The Cougar Bay Nature Preserve on the northeast portion of Lake Coeur d'Alene is the closest and most accessible [[nature preserve]] for wildlife viewing, as it is located a few minutes from downtown Coeur d'Alene.<ref>{{cite web| title = Cougar Bay Preserve| publisher = [[The Nature Conservancy]]| url = https://www.nature.org/en-us/get-involved/how-to-help/places-we-protect/cougar-bay/| access-date = September 19, 2020}}</ref>

Environmental concerns have come as a result of upstream hardrock [[Bunker Hill Mine and Smelting Complex#Environmental issues|mining and smelting operations in the Silver Valley]]. The Coeur d'Alene Basin, including Lake Coeur d'Alene, is polluted with heavy metals such as lead and was designated a [[superfund]] site in 1983 that spans {{convert|1500|sqmi|sqkm|2}} and {{convert|166|mi}} of the Coeur d'Alene River.<ref>{{cite web| title = Superfund Site: Bunker Hill Mining & Metallurgical Complex| publisher = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency| url = https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.Cleanup&id=1000195#bkground| access-date = October 29, 2020}}</ref> The majority of the lake bed is covered in a layer of contaminated sediment and local health officials at the Panhandle Health District advise the lake's visitors to wash anything that has come into contact with potentially lead-laced soil or dust in the Coeur d'Alene River basin.<ref>{{cite journal| last = Benson| first = Emily| title = A dangerous cocktail threatens the gem of North Idaho| journal = [[High Country News]]| volume = 11| issue = 51| date = June 24, 2019| url = https://www.hcn.org/issues/45.8/how-right-wing-emigrants-conquered-north-idaho| access-date = October 29, 2020}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

====Landscape====
{{wide image|2008-1018-022-CoeurdAlene-Pan1.JPG|1300px|Panorama of Coeur d'Alene from the Cougar Bay Nature Preserve with [[Lake Coeur d'Alene]] in the foreground and [[Coeur d'Alene Mountains]] in the background}}

===Climate===
[[File:Mist on Lake Coeur d'Alene, ID. (31542918598).jpg|thumb|[[Fog#Types|Lake effect fog]] over Coeur d'Alene]]
Coeur d'Alene has, depending on the definition, a [[Continental Mediterranean climate|dry-summer continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dsb'') or a [[Mediterranean climate#Temperature|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]] (''Csb''), characterized by a cold, moist climate in winter, and very warm, dry conditions in summer.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |author6-link=Eric Franklin Wood |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution |journal=Scientific Data |date=October 30, 2018 |volume=5 |pages=180214 |doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |pmid=30375988 |pmc=6207062 |language=En |issn=2052-4463|bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = Coeur d'Alene Climate| publisher = Climate-Data.org| url = https://en.climate-data.org/north-america/united-states-of-america/idaho/coeur-d-alene-15962/| access-date = August 8, 2020}}</ref> The daily mean temperature ranges from {{convert|31.2|F|1}} in January and December to {{convert|70.1|F|1}} in July.<ref name=NOAA/> Temperatures exceed {{convert|90|F|0}} on 18.3 days per year, only occasionally reaching {{convert|100|F|0}}, and there may be several nights below {{convert|10|°F|0}}.<ref name = NOAA/> The average first and last freezes of the season are October 17 and April 28, respectively. The city straddles the border between [[Hardiness zone|USDA Plant Hardiness Zones]] 6B and 7A.<ref>{{cite web| title = Coeur d'Alene, Idaho Hardiness Zone Map| publisher = PlantMaps| url = https://www.plantmaps.com/hardiness-zones-for-coeur-dalene-idaho| access-date = August 8, 2020}}</ref> The Spokane–Coeur d'Alene area has many [[microclimate]]s that can have different weather patterns and observations from the nearby official reporting stations used by the National Weather Service due to the diversity of the topography and other factors. For instance, northern Idaho experiences more precipitation in rain and snow than eastern Washington from weather systems originating from the Pacific Ocean because it is on the [[Rain shadow|windward side]] of the [[Bitterroot Range|Rocky Mountains]].<ref name=Mann>{{cite web| last = Mann| first = Randy| title = Microclimates cause wide differences throughout region| newspaper = The Spokesman-Review| date = December 20, 2012| url = https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2012/dec/20/microclimates-cause-wide-differences-throughout/| access-date = September 30, 2020}}</ref> Average annual rainfall is {{convert|25|in|cm}} and the average annual snowfall is {{convert|46|in|cm}}.<ref>{{cite web| title = Coeur d'Alene| publisher = [[Western Regional Climate Center]]| url = https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?id1956| access-date = November 20, 2021}}</ref> Northern Idaho weather is influenced by both maritime and continental weather systems. Moist air masses from the coast are released as precipitation over the [[North Central Rockies forests]], creating the [[North American inland temperate rainforest]], and dry air masses from Canada and the [[Great Plains]] contribute to dry summer months.<ref>{{cite web| last =Woodward| first = Susan L.| title = Inland Rainforests of the Northwest| publisher = Radford University| date= 2012–2015| url = https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/?page_id=2286| access-date = May 4, 2021}}</ref> Coeur d'Alene can have noticeably milder nights and cooler days due to the moderating effect on the climate of large bodies of water such as Lake Coeur d'Alene.<ref name=Mann/>

{{Weather box
| collapsed = yes
| location = Coeur d'Alene, Idaho (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1895–present)
| single line = Y
| Jan record high F = 60
| Feb record high F = 62
| Mar record high F = 74
| Apr record high F = 94
| May record high F = 98
| Jun record high F = 108
| Jul record high F = 108
| Aug record high F = 109
| Sep record high F = 102
| Oct record high F = 88
| Nov record high F = 71
| Dec record high F = 60
| year record high F = 
| Jan avg record high F = 49.4
| Feb avg record high F = 51.3
| Mar avg record high F = 62.7
| Apr avg record high F = 74.0
| May avg record high F = 83.6
| Jun avg record high F = 88.5
| Jul avg record high F = 96.1
| Aug avg record high F = 96.3
| Sep avg record high F = 89.1
| Oct avg record high F = 74.9
| Nov avg record high F = 58.4
| Dec avg record high F = 49.2
| year avg record high F = 97.7
| Jan high F = 36.2
| Feb high F = 40.7
| Mar high F = 48.4
| Apr high F = 56.2
| May high F = 65.8
| Jun high F = 72.1
| Jul high F = 82.8
| Aug high F = 83.0
| Sep high F = 73.7
| Oct high F = 58.4
| Nov high F = 44.2
| Dec high F = 36.1
| year high F = 58.1
| Jan mean F = 31.2
| Feb mean F = 33.6
| Mar mean F = 39.5
| Apr mean F = 46.4
| May mean F = 55.1
| Jun mean F = 61.5
| Jul mean F = 70.1
| Aug mean F = 69.5
| Sep mean F = 61.0
| Oct mean F = 48.6
| Nov mean F = 37.9
| Dec mean F = 31.2
| year mean F = 48.8
| Jan low F = 26.2
| Feb low F = 26.5
| Mar low F = 30.7
| Apr low F = 36.7
| May low F = 44.3
| Jun low F = 50.9
| Jul low F = 57.3
| Aug low F = 56.0
| Sep low F = 48.3
| Oct low F = 38.7
| Nov low F = 31.6
| Dec low F = 26.3
| year low F = 39.5
| Jan avg record low F = 10.8
| Feb avg record low F = 13.5
| Mar avg record low F = 19.0
| Apr avg record low F = 27.7
| May avg record low F = 33.3
| Jun avg record low F = 42.1
| Jul avg record low F = 48.1
| Aug avg record low F = 47.0
| Sep avg record low F = 37.6
| Oct avg record low F = 26.3
| Nov avg record low F = 19.7
| Dec avg record low F = 12.8
| year avg record low F = 4.6
| Jan record low F = −30
| Feb record low F = −27
| Mar record low F = −13
| Apr record low F = 5
| May record low F = 21
| Jun record low F = 28
| Jul record low F = 36
| Aug record low F = 32
| Sep record low F = 17
| Oct record low F = 2
| Nov record low F = −13
| Dec record low F = −26
| year record low F = 
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 3.21
| Feb precipitation inch = 2.11
| Mar precipitation inch = 2.68
| Apr precipitation inch = 1.91
| May precipitation inch = 2.14
| Jun precipitation inch = 2.17
| Jul precipitation inch = 0.73
| Aug precipitation inch = 0.77
| Sep precipitation inch = 0.81
| Oct precipitation inch = 2.02
| Nov precipitation inch = 3.34
| Dec precipitation inch = 3.47
| year precipitation inch = 25.36
| Jul snow inch = 0.0
| Aug snow inch = 0.0
| Sep snow inch = 0.0
| Oct snow inch = 0.2
| Nov snow inch = 2.1
| Dec snow inch = 9.3
| Jan snow inch = 10.0
| Feb snow inch = 4.1
| Mar snow inch = 2.2
| Apr snow inch = 0.1
| May snow inch = 0.0
| Jun snow inch = 0.0
| year snow inch = 28.0
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 14.4
| Feb precipitation days = 11.1
| Mar precipitation days = 12.6
| Apr precipitation days = 11.3
| May precipitation days = 11.1
| Jun precipitation days = 9.1
| Jul precipitation days = 3.8
| Aug precipitation days = 3.5
| Sep precipitation days = 6.0
| Oct precipitation days = 11.1
| Nov precipitation days = 14.8
| Dec precipitation days = 13.2
| year precipitation days = 122.0
| unit snow days = 0.1 in
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.0
| Nov snow days = 1.3
| Dec snow days = 4.4
| Jan snow days = 4.5
| Feb snow days = 2.3
| Mar snow days = 1.3
| Apr snow days = 0.2
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| year snow days = 14.1

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00101956&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Coeur d'Alene, ID
|access-date = March 8, 2023
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url = https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
|title = xmACIS2
|access-date = August 9, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

===Cityscape===
====Neighborhoods====
{{See also|National Register of Historic Places listings in Kootenai County, Idaho}}
[[File:Clark Mansion-Hayden-ID1.jpg|thumb|alt=The Clark House built in 1912 by F. Lewis Clark south of Hayden Lake|The [[Clark House (Clarksville, Idaho)|Clark House]], built in 1912 by [[Disappearance of F. Lewis Clark|F. Lewis Clark]], south of [[Hayden Lake]]]]

As Coeur d'Alene has grown from a fort town, different neighborhoods and suburbs have grown around it.<ref>{{cite web| title = Coeur d'Alene, ID| publisher = NeighborhoodScout| url = https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/id/coeur-dalene| access-date = September 19, 2020}}</ref> The downtown city center of Coeur d'Alene is in the southeast of the urban area as the presence of Hayden Lake and Lake Fernan and the Coeur d'Alene mountains inhibit development to the east and Lake Coeur d'Alene and the Spokane River limit development to the south and southwest. Historic additions from the early 1900s were added close to the city center a few blocks from downtown, such as on East Sherman Avenue, East Lakeshore Drive near Sanders Beach, and near present-day City Park.<ref>Singletary (2019), pp. 50–51</ref> Today, the city has many neighborhoods, the largest being Coeur d'Alene city center, [[Post Falls, Idaho|Post Falls]] and [[Hayden, Idaho|Hayden]]. The Coeur d'Alene city center has several parks and attractions and as a community gathering place, it has heavy foot traffic on fair weather summer weekends.

The largest building in the city, the {{convert|216|ft|adj=on}} Coeur d'Alene Resort Lake Tower, is in the city center. The downtown area is of increasing interest to higher density multifamily apartment and condominium-type developments to cope with the growth in housing demand and due to a lack of space and concerns about [[Californication (word)|urban sprawl]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Coeur d'Alene| publisher = [[Emporis]]| url = https://www.emporis.com/city/101953/coeur-d-alene-id-usa| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150511191602/http://www.emporis.com/city/101953/coeur-d-alene-id-usa| url-status = usurped| archive-date = May 11, 2015| access-date = September 19, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| last = Criscione| first = Wilson| title = As Kootenai County grows, can it preserve what makes it attractive in the first place?| newspaper = Inlander| date = January 23, 2020| url = https://www.inlander.com/spokane/as-kootenai-county-grows-can-it-preserve-what-makes-it-attractive-in-the-first-place/Content?oid=18968975| access-date = September 19, 2020}}</ref>

Investment in residential and retail development has been intensive along the Interstate 90 corridor and has made Post Falls near the Washington state line become Kootenai County's second largest city. Due to its central location between Spokane and Coeur d'Alene, the city is host to a growing list of retail stores and is considered a [[bedroom community]] of Spokane.

The historic Post Falls Dam and surrounding Falls Park on the Spokane River is a local landmark. Hayden is the third largest city in the Coeur d'Alene metropolitan area, and it is known for the eponymous Hayden Lake that was once the historic center of the community. The shores of the lake are filled with summer cabins and large mansions. The historic Hayden Lake Country Club, which lies at the center of the [[Hayden Lake, Idaho|Hayden Lake]] community, was built in 1907 along with a rail connection with the [[Spokane and Inland Empire Railroad]] that same year, which brought in many tourists to the resort and Honeysuckle Beach.<ref>Dahlgren et al. (2009), pp. 122–123</ref>

With the rising use of the automobile, the center of town shifted away from the lake and railroad and reoriented toward Government Way.<ref>Dahlgren et al. (2009), p. 116</ref>