Editing Coaching (section)

===Business and executive===
Business coaching is a type of [[human resource development]] for executives, members of management, teams, and leadership.<ref name="Blackman">{{Cite journal|last1=Blackman|first1=Anna|last2=Moscardo|first2=Gianna|last3=Gray|first3=David E.|date=2016|title=Challenges for the theory and practice of business coaching: a systematic review of empirical evidence|journal=[[Human Resource Development Review]]|language=en|volume=15|issue=4|pages=459–486|doi=10.1177/1534484316673177|s2cid=152097437|issn=1534-4843|url=http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/16329/3/16329%20GRAY_Business_Coaching_2016.pdf}}</ref> It provides positive support, feedback, and advice on an individual or group basis to improve personal effectiveness in the business setting, many a time focusing on behavioral changes through [[psychometrics]] or [[360-degree feedback]] for example. Business coaching is also called executive coaching,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stern |first=Lewis R. |date=2004 |title=Executive coaching: a working definition |journal=[[Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research]] |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=154–162 |doi=10.1037/1065-9293.56.3.154 |url=http://opm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Executive-coaching-definition-Stern043.pdf |access-date=4 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706123259/http://opm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Executive-coaching-definition-Stern043.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> corporate coaching or leadership coaching. Coaches help their clients advance toward specific professional goals. These include career transition, interpersonal and professional communication, [[performance management]], organizational effectiveness, managing career and personal changes, developing executive presence, building credibility, enhancing strategic thinking, dealing effectively with conflict, facing work challenges, and making swift and sound decisions, leading a change and building an effective team within an organization. An [[Industrial and organizational psychology|industrial-organizational psychologist]] may work as an executive coach.

Business coaching is not restricted to external experts or providers. Many organizations expect senior leaders and middle managers to coach their team members to reach higher performance levels, job satisfaction, personal growth, and career development. Research studies suggest that executive coaching has positive effects both within workplace performance and personal areas outside the workplace, with some differences in the impact of internal and external coaches.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=Rebecca J. |last2=Woods |first2=Stephen A. |last3=Guillaume |first3=Yves R. F. |date=June 2016 |title=The effectiveness of workplace coaching: a meta-analysis of learning and performance outcomes from coaching |journal=[[Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology]] |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=249–277 |doi=10.1111/joop.12119|url=http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/74522/1/Jones%20et%20al%202016_JOOP.pdf }}</ref>

In some countries, no licensing is required to be a business or executive coach, and membership in a coaching organization is optional. Further, standards and methods of training coaches can vary widely between coaching organizations. Many business coaches refer to themselves as [[consultant]]s, a broader business relationship than one that exclusively involves coaching.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/independentstreet/2008/04/10/executive-coaching-worth-the-money/ |last=Lorber |first=Laura |title=Executive Coaching – Worth the Money? |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=10 April 2008 |access-date=12 November 2008}}</ref> Research findings from a systematic review indicate that effective coaches are known for having integrity, support for those they coach, communication skills, and credibility.<ref name="Blackman"/>

In the workplace, leadership coaching has been shown to be effective in increasing employee confidence in expressing their own ideas.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Yanfei|last2=Yuan|first2=Chuqin|date=2017|title=Coaching leadership and employee voice behavior: a multilevel study|doi=10.2224/sbp.6593|journal=[[Social Behavior and Personality]]|volume=45|issue=10|pages=1655–1664}}</ref> Research findings in a systematic review demonstrate that coaching can help reduce stress in the workplace.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gyllensten|first1=Kristina|last2=Palmer|first2=Stephen|date=July 2005|title=Can coaching reduce workplace stress?|journal=The Coaching Psychologist|volume=1|pages=15–17|doi=10.53841/bpstcp.2005.1.1.15 |citeseerx=10.1.1.465.4855|s2cid=255930948 }}</ref>