Editing Cliffhanger (section)

===Early film===
Cliffhangers were especially popular from the 1910s through to the 1930s [[Serial film|serials]] when [[nickelodeons]] and [[movie theater]]s filled the cultural [[niche market|niche]] later primarily occupied by [[television]].  The first film serial designed around the cliffhanger device was 1913's ''[[The Adventures of Kathlyn]]'' from [[Selig Polyscope]].<ref name="stedman">{{cite book
 | last = Stedman
 | first = Raymond William
 | title = Serials: Suspense and Drama By Installment
 | year = 1971
 | publisher = University of Oklahoma Press
 | isbn = 978-0-8061-0927-5
 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/serialssuspensea00sted/page/6 6–9]
 | chapter = 1. Drama by Instalment
 | chapter-url-access = registration
 | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/serialssuspensea00sted/page/6}}</ref><ref name="Lahue1">{{cite book
 | last = Lahue
 | first = Kalten C.
 | title = Continued Next Week 
 | year = 
 | publisher = 
 | isbn = 
 | pages = 6–8
 | chapter = 1. A Bolt From The Blue}}</ref>

During the 1910s, when [[Fort Lee, New Jersey]] was a center of film production, the [[The Palisades (Hudson River)|cliffs]] facing New York and the [[Hudson River]] were frequently used as film locations.<ref>Kahn, Eve M [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/16/nyregion/getting-a-close-up-of-the-silent-film-era.html "Getting a Close-Up of the Silent-Film Era"]. ''[[The New York Times]]'' (August 15, 2013)</ref> The most notable of these films was [[The Perils of Pauline (1914 serial)|''The Perils of Pauline'']], a serial which helped popularize the term "cliffhanger". In them, the serial would often end suddenly leaving actress [[Pearl White]]'s Pauline character hanging from a cliff.<ref>Verdon, Joan "A hike back in time to era of silent film" ''[[Bergen County Record]]'' (March 5, 2012)</ref>