Editing Claude Monet (section)

===Impressionism===
[[File:Monet - Impression, Sunrise.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|''[[Impression, Sunrise]] (Impression, soleil levant)'', 1872; the painting that gave its name to the style and artistic movement. [[Musée Marmottan Monet]], Paris]]

When Durand-Ruel's previous support of Monet and his peers began to decline, Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley, [[Paul Cézanne]], [[Edgar Degas]], and [[Berthe Morisot]] exhibited their work independently; they did so under the name the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors and Engravers for which Monet was a leading figure in its formation.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":11" /> He was inspired by the style and subject matter of his slightly older contemporaries, Pissarro and Édouard Manet.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Haine|first1=Scott|title=The History of France|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-30328-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoffrance00hain/page/112 112]|edition=1st|year=2000|url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffrance00hain/page/112}}</ref> The group, whose title was chosen to avoid association with any style or movement, were unified in their independence from the Salon and rejection of the prevailing [[Academic art|academicism]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Samu|first=Margret|date=October 2004|title=Impressionism: Art and Modernity|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm#:~:text=In%201874,%20a%20group%20of,and%20Camille%20Pissarro,%20among%20others.|url-status=live|access-date=26 May 2021|website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041013160212/http://www.metmuseum.org:80/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm |archive-date=13 October 2004 }}</ref> Monet gained a reputation as the foremost landscape painter of the group.{{sfn|Brettell|Hayes Tucker|Henderson Lee|2009|pp=63}}

At the first exhibition, in 1874, Monet displayed, among others, ''[[Impression, Sunrise]]'', ''The Luncheon'' and ''[[Boulevard des Capucines (Monet)|Boulevard des Capucines]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Brodskaya|first=Nathalia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j4F8cbbG5ocC&pg=PA16|title=Claude Monet|date=1 July 2011|publisher=Parkstone International|isbn=9781780422978|via=Google Books|access-date=29 May 2021|archive-date=17 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417234746/https://books.google.com/books?id=j4F8cbbG5ocC&pg=PA16|url-status=live}}</ref> The art critic [[Louis Leroy]] wrote a hostile review. Taking particular notice of ''Impression, Sunrise'' (1872), a hazy depiction of Le Havre port and stylistic detour, he coined the term "[[Impressionism]]". Conservative critics and the public derided the group, with the term initially being ironic and denoting the painting as unfinished.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":5" /> More progressive critics praised the depiction of modern life—Louis Edmond Duranty called their style a "revolution in painting".<ref name=":5" /> Leroy later regretted inspiring the name, as he believed that they were a group "whose majority had nothing impressionist".{{sfn|Levine|1986|pp=65–75}}

The total attendance is estimated at 3,500. Monet priced ''Impression: Sunrise'' at 1,000 francs, but failed to sell it.<ref name="Denvir">Bernard Denvir, ''The Chronicle of Impressionism: A Timeline History of Impressionist Art'', Bulfinch Press Book, 1993</ref><ref name="Denvir b">[https://books.google.com/books?id=vehtQgAACAAJ&q=The+Chronicle+of+Impressionism Bernard Denvir, ''The chronicle of impressionism: an intimate diary of the lives and world of the great artists''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417234804/https://books.google.com/books?id=vehtQgAACAAJ&q=The+Chronicle+of+Impressionism |date=17 April 2023 }}, Thames & Hudson, Limited, 1993</ref><ref name="archives">{{cite web|title=The First Impressionist Exhibition, 1874 – Notes|url=http://www.artchive.com/galleries/1874/74notes.htm#background|website=artchive.com|access-date=10 January 2014|archive-date=10 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110192506/http://www.artchive.com/galleries/1874/74notes.htm#background|url-status=live}}</ref> The exhibition was open to anyone prepared to pay 60 francs and gave artists the opportunity to show their work without the interference of a jury.<ref name="Denvir" /><ref name="Denvir b" /><ref name="archives" /> Another exhibition was held in 1876, again in opposition to the Salon. Monet displayed 18 paintings, including ''The Beach at Sainte-Adresse'' which showcased multiple Impressionist characteristics.<ref name=":10" />{{Sfn|Januszczak|1985|p=192}}

For the third exhibition, on 5 April 1877, he selected seven paintings from the dozen he had made of [[Gare Saint-Lazare (Monet series)|Gare Saint-Lazare]] in the past three months, the first time he had "synced as many paintings of the same site, carefully coordinating their scenes and temporalities".<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal|last=Dombrowski|first=André|date=2 April 2020|title=Impressionism and the Standardization of Time: Claude Monet at Gare Saint-Lazare|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00043079.2020.1676129?journalCode=rcab20|journal=The Art Bulletin|volume=102|issue=2|pages=91–120|doi=10.1080/00043079.2020.1676129|s2cid=219796908|issn=0004-3079|access-date=5 June 2021|archive-date=5 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605131953/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00043079.2020.1676129?journalCode=rcab20|url-status=live}}</ref> The paintings were well received by critics, who especially praised the way he captured the arrival and departures of the trains.<ref name=":14" /> By the fourth exhibition, his involvement was by means of negotiation on Caillebotte's part.<ref name=":11" /> His last time exhibiting with the Impressionists was in 1882—four years before the final Impressionist exhibition.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book|last=Brigstocke|first=Hugh|title=The Oxford Companion to Western Art|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2001|isbn=9780198662037|chapter=Monet, Claude}}</ref>{{Sfn|Januszczak|1985|p=276}}

Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Morisot, Cézanne and Sisley proceeded to experiment with new methods of depicting reality. They rejected the dark, contrasting lighting of [[Romanticism|romantic]] and realist paintings, in favour of the pale tones of their peers' paintings such as those by [[Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot]] and Boudin.{{Sfn|Januszczak|1985|p=158}} After developing methods for painting transient effects, Monet would go on to seek more demanding subjects, new patrons and collectors; his paintings produced in the early 1870s left a lasting impact on the movement and his peers—many of whom moved to Argenteuil as a result of admiring his depiction.<ref name=":11" />{{Sfn|Januszczak|1985|p=258}}

<gallery caption="Paintings 1858–1872" heights="150px" widths="180px" perrow="4">
File:Monet, Claude - View At Rouelles, Le Havre (1858).jpg|''View at Rouelles, Le Havre'' 1858, private collection; an early work showing the influence of Corotà Sainte-Adresse and [[Courbet]]
File:Claude Monet - Mouth of the Seine.jpg|''Mouth of the Seine at Honfleur'', 1865, [[Norton Simon Foundation]], Pasadena, California; indicates the influence of Dutch maritime painting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nortonsimon.org/collections/adv_search.php?req=advsearch&resultnum=1|title=Search the Collection » Norton Simon Museum|website=nortonsimon.org|access-date=18 December 2013|archive-date=20 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220021658/http://www.nortonsimon.org/collections/adv_search.php?req=advsearch&resultnum=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
File:Claude Monet - La Vague Verte.jpg|''The Green Wave'', 1866, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
File:Claude Monet 024.jpg|''[[Women in the Garden]]'', 1866–1867, [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/works-in-focus/search/commentaire/commentaire_id/women-in-the-garden-3042.html?no_cache=1&cHash=3e14b8b109|title=Musée d'Orsay: Claude Monet Women in the Garden|website=musee-orsay.fr|access-date=18 December 2013|archive-date=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114110848/http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/works-in-focus/search/commentaire/commentaire_id/women-in-the-garden-3042.html?no_cache=1&cHash=3e14b8b109|url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:Claude Monet 022.jpg|''[[Woman in the Garden]]'', 1867, [[Hermitage Museum|Hermitage]], St. Petersburg; a study in the effect of sunlight and shadow on colour.
File:Claude Monet - Jardin à Sainte-Adresse.jpg|''[[Garden at Sainte-Adresse]]'' ("Jardin à Sainte-Adresse"), 1867, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437133|title=Claude Monet – Garden at Sainte-Adresse|website=Metropolitan Museum of Art|date=1867 |access-date=11 April 2018|archive-date=30 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130212525/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437133|url-status=live}}</ref>
File:Claude Monet - The Luncheon - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Luncheon'', 1868, [[Städel]], which features Camille Doncieux and Jean Monet, was rejected by the Paris Salon of 1870 but included in the first Impressionists' exhibition in 1874.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.staedelmuseum.de/sm/index.php?StoryID=1047&ObjectID=249#sthash.20kjFV1h.dpuf|title=Das Städel Museum – Kunstmuseum in Frankfurt|website=Städel Museum|access-date=21 December 2013|archive-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224153350/http://www.staedelmuseum.de/sm/index.php?StoryID=1047&ObjectID=249#sthash.20kjFV1h.dpuf|url-status=live}}</ref>
File:Claude Monet La Grenouillére.jpg|''[[Bain à la Grenouillère|La Grenouillére]]'' 1869, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; a small plein-air painting created with broad strokes of intense colour.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437135|title=Claude Monet – La Grenouillère|website=Metropolitan Museum of Art|date=1869 |access-date=11 April 2018|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124192806/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437135|url-status=live}}</ref>
File:Claude Monet - On the Bank of the Seine, Bennecourt - 1922.427 - Art Institute of Chicago.jpg|''[[On the Bank of the Seine, Bennecourt]]'', 1868, [[Art Institute of Chicago]]
File:Claude Monet - The Magpie - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[The Magpie (Monet)|The Magpie]]'', 1868–1869. Musée d'Orsay, Paris; one of Monet's early attempts at capturing the effect of snow on the landscape. See also ''[[Snow at Argenteuil]]''
File:Claude Monet, 1870, Le port de Trouville (Breakwater at Trouville, Low Tide), oil on canvas, 54 x 65.7 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest.jpg|''Le port de Trouville (Breakwater at Trouville, Low Tide)'', 1870, [[Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)|Museum of Fine Arts]], Budapest<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.szepmuveszeti.hu/adatlap_eng/breakwater_at_trouville_low_tide_599|title=Artwork|website=[[Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)|Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest]]|access-date=22 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108073226/http://www.szepmuveszeti.hu/adatlap_eng/breakwater_at_trouville_low_tide_599|archive-date=8 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:Claude Monet 002.jpg|''La plage de Trouville'', 1870, [[National Gallery]], London. The left figure may be Camille, on the right possibly the wife of [[Eugène Boudin]], whose beach scenes influenced Monet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/claude-monet-the-beach-at-trouville|title=Claude Monet - The Beach at Trouville - NG3951 - National Gallery, London|first=The National Gallery|last=London|website=nationalgallery.org.uk|access-date=22 December 2013|archive-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224111702/http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/claude-monet-the-beach-at-trouville|url-status=live}}</ref>
File:Houses on the Achterzaan MET DT719.jpg|''[[Houses on the Achterzaan]]'', 1871, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
File:Claude Monet - Jean Monet on his Hobby Horse.jpg|''Jean Monet On His Hobby Horse'', 1872. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
File:Claude Monet - Springtime - Google Art Project.jpg|''Springtime'' 1872, [[Walters Art Museum]]
File:Ships Riding on the Seine at Rouen by Claude Monet, 1872.jpg|''Ships Riding on the Seine at Rouen'', 1872, [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington DC
</gallery>