Editing Church of the Holy Sepulchre (section)

===First sanctuary (4th century)===
{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | image1 = Rotunda, Adomanan de locis santis.jpg
 | width1 = 220
 | caption1 = <!-- Vienna manuscript, codex 458 -->
 | image2 = Saint-Sépulcre (plan d'Arculfe).jpg
 | width2 = 200
 | caption2 = <!-- 12th century manuscript -->
 | footer = Two manuscript versions of the oldest known floor plans of the church, from {{lang|la|[[De Locis Sanctis]]}} ({{circa|AD 680}})<ref>Stolzenburg, Xenia (2017). [https://www.academia.edu/8099462/The_holy_place_as_formula._Floor_plans_in_Adomnans_De_locis_sanctis_to_specify_the_description_of_pilgrimage_sites_in_the_Holy_Land The holy place as formula. Floor plans in Adomnan's De locis sanctis to specify the description of pilgrimage sites in the Holy Land] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110174458/https://www.academia.edu/8099462/The_holy_place_as_formula._Floor_plans_in_Adomnans_De_locis_sanctis_to_specify_the_description_of_pilgrimage_sites_in_the_Holy_Land |date=10 November 2019 }} in: Wolfram R. Keller & Dagmar Schlueter (Ed.) 'A fantastic and abstruse Latinity'? Hiberno-Continental Cultural and Literary Interactions in the Middle Ages, Studien und Texte zur Keltologie (Münster: Nodus Publikationen), p.&nbsp;66. "...there is not a single publication on the Holy Sepulchre or on holy burial sites that fails to include the floor plan by Adomnan, which consequently has become the topos of early depictions of Holy Sepulchre."</ref>
}}

A shrine was built on the site of the tomb Macarius had identified as that of Jesus, enclosing the rock tomb walls within its own.{{sfn|DK|2016|p=99}}<ref name="secret">{{Cite AV media|title=The Secret of Christ's Tomb|date=2017|last=Strange|first=Bob|type=television production|language=en|website=[[National Geographic]]}}</ref><ref name="natgeo">{{cite journal| url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/jesus-christ-tomb-burial-church-holy-sepulchre| title=Unsealing of Christ's Reputed Tomb Turns Up New Revelations| first=Kristin| last=Romey| journal=National Geographic| date=31 October 2016| access-date=26 April 2021| archive-date=27 April 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427064813/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/jesus-christ-tomb-burial-church-holy-sepulchre| url-status=dead}}</ref>{{efn|This shrine would have to be replaced over the subsequent centuries, most recently in the 19th century.{{sfn|DK|2016|p=99}}<ref name="secret" /><ref name="natgeo" />}}

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, planned by the architect Zenobius,<ref>{{Cite book|last=MacDonald|first=William L.|url=https://archive.org/details/earlychristianby00macd/page/20/mode/2up|title=Early Christian & Byzantine Architecture|date=1962|publisher=G. Braziller|location=New York|page=20|author-link=William L. MacDonald|url-access=limited|via=the [[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> was built as separate constructs over two holy sites:

# a [[Rotunda (architecture)|rotunda]] called the {{transliteration|grc|[[Resurrection of Jesus|Anastasis]]}} ('Resurrection'), where Macarius believed Jesus to have been buried,<ref name=mcmahon/>{{better source needed|date=April 2023}} and;
# the great [[basilica]] (also known as {{lang|la|Martyrium}}),<ref name="basilica">The "[[Pilgrim of Bordeaux]]" reports in 333: "There, at present, by the command of the Emperor Constantine, has been built a basilica, that is to say, a church of wondrous beauty". ''[[Itinerarium Burdigalense]]'', p.&nbsp;594</ref> across a courtyard to the east (an enclosed [[colonnade]]d [[atrium (architecture)|atrium]], known as the ''Triportico'') with the traditional site of Calvary in one corner.<ref name="paul" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wharton|first=Annabel Jane|author-link=Annabel J. Wharton|date=1992|title=The Baptistery of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem and the Politics of Sacred Landscape|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1291664|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=46|pages=313–325|doi=10.2307/1291664|jstor=1291664|issn=0070-7546|access-date=11 October 2021|archive-date=11 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011100109/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1291664|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Church of the Holy Sepulchre - Kenneth John Conant.png|thumb|upright|Diagram of a possible church layout (facing west) published in 1956 by [[Kenneth John Conant]]]]

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre site has been recognized since early in the fourth century as the place where Jesus was crucified, buried, and rose from the dead.<ref name=commemoration/>{{efn|
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is known among the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] believers as the Church of the Resurrection.<ref>{{cite book |last= Kelley |first= Justin L. |title= The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Text and Archaeology |year= 2019 |page= 4 (note 3) |publisher= [[Archaeopress]] |location= Oxford |quote= The church was called 'the Resurrection' by many Byzantine writers, and it is this title that was adopted by Christian and Muslim Arab historians from the 10th century onward... Robinson and Smith (1856: 377, n. 1) noted that local Jerusalemites of the 19th century still called the church by its Arabic title ''Kanisah al-Qiyamah'', 'Church of the Resurrection'. |isbn= 978-1-78969-056-9 |url= https://www.archaeopress.com/Archaeopress/DMS/936FF8A3FFFF4B6EBEF78FE852E68C42/9781789690569-sample.pdf |access-date= 18 December 2023 |archive-date= 18 December 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231218104219/https://www.archaeopress.com/Archaeopress/DMS/936FF8A3FFFF4B6EBEF78FE852E68C42/9781789690569-sample.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref>}} The church was consecrated on 13 September 335.<ref name=commemoration/>{{efn|Every year, the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] celebrates the anniversary of the {{interlanguage link|Dedication of the Temple of the Resurrection of Christ|ru|Обновление храма Воскресения Христова в Иерусалиме}}.<ref name=commemoration>{{cite web| title=Commemoration of the Founding of the Church of the Resurrection (Holy Sepulchre) at Jerusalem| url=http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102593| publisher=[[Orthodox Church in America]]| access-date=2 March 2012| archive-date=25 January 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125020817/http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102593| url-status=live}}</ref><!-- (for those churches which follow the traditional [[Julian calendar]], 13 September currently falls on 26 September of the modern [[Gregorian calendar]]).{{cn|date = October 2013}} -->}}

In 327, Constantine and Helena separately commissioned the [[Church of the Nativity]] in [[Bethlehem]] to commemorate the birth of Jesus.