Editing Christoph Willibald Gluck (section)

====Question of Gluck's native language====
According to the music historian [[Daniel Heartz]], there has been considerable controversy concerning Gluck's native language. Gluck's protégé in Vienna, the Italian-born [[Antonio Salieri]], wrote in his memoirs (translated into German by [[Ignaz von Mosel]]), that "Gluck, whose native tongue was [[Czech language|Czech]], expressed himself in German only with effort, and still more so in French and Italian."<ref>Quoted and translated by Heartz 1988, pp. 524–525, citing [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10600260?page=97 Mosel 1827, p. 93]: "Gluck, dessen Muttersprache die böhmisch war, drückte sich in der deutschen, und noch mehr in der französischen und italienischen, nur mit Mühe aus...&nbsp;."</ref> Salieri also mentions that Gluck mixed several languages when speaking: German, Italian and French, like Salieri himself.<ref>Mosel 1827, p. 93.</ref> Gluck's first biographer, {{ill|Anton Franz Schmid|de}}, wrote that Gluck grew up in a German-speaking area, and that Gluck learned to speak Czech, but did not need it in Prague and in his later life.<ref>Schmid 1854, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fURAAAAAYAAJ&vq=salieri&pg=PA389 pp. 389–390]; cited by Heartz 1988, p. 525.</ref> Heartz writes: "More devious manoeuvres have been attempted by Gluck's German biographers of this [the 20th] century, while the French ones have, without exception, taken Salieri at his word. His German biographer Max Arend objected that not a single letter written in Czech can be found, to which [[Jacques-Gabriel Prod'homme]] countered that "no letters written by [[Franz Liszt|Liszt]] in Hungarian were known either, but does this make him a German?"<ref>Heartz 1988, p. 525; Arend 1920, [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015007877767?urlappend=%3Bseq=22 p. 20]; Prod'homme 1948, chapter 1.</ref> Hans Joachim Moser wanted a lyric work in Czech as proof.<ref>Moser 1940, pp. 20–21, cited by Heartz 1988, p. 525.</ref> In fact, the music theorist Laurent Garcin, writing in 1770 (published 1772) before Gluck arrived in Paris, included Gluck in a list of several composers of Czech ''[[opéras-comiques]]'' (although such a work by Gluck has yet to be documented).<ref>Garcin 1772, [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1087678/f145.image p. 115]; reproduced by Heartz 1988, p. 527; cited by Brown & Rushton 2001.</ref> A presentation by Irene Brandenburg classifying Gluck as a Bohemian composer was considered controversial by her German colleagues.<ref>[https://gluck-gesellschaft.org/assets/Uploads/2jul97.pdf Mitteilungen der Internationalen Gluck-Gesellschaft] Nr. 2, July 1997 {{in lang|de}}</ref>